Urinary System Nursing PDF

Urinary system Introduction Intended learning outcome: Urinary system consist of Identify the anatomy of different urinary organs(kidney, Ureter, two Kidneys, two ureters, Bladder, Urethra)....

Urinary system Introduction Intended learning outcome: Urinary system consist of Identify the anatomy of different urinary organs(kidney, Ureter, two Kidneys, two ureters, Bladder, Urethra). urinary bladder & urethra. Describe the position of the kidneys. describe the external and internal structure of the kidney. Identify and describe the main differences between the male and Urine flows from each female urinary systems. kidney, down to the ureters then to the bladder and Introduction finally outside the body via Urinary system is the system that eliminate waste products the urethra. and toxic substances from the body by filtration of the blood and return most of water and solutes back to the bloodstream. 1 2  1- Kidneys Location and Shape: Kidney is bean-shaped paired organ Kidney lies just above the waist between the peritoneum & posterior abdominal wall on each side of the vertebral column, at about the level of the first lumber vertebra L1. Protected by 11th & 12th ribs. 3 4  6 right kidney found in lower level than the left one due to presence of liver in the right side which compress the right kidney downward. The kidney is covered by fibrous capsule called renal capsule which separate the kidney from adrenal gland. 5  Overview of Kidney Functions: Filtering blood Excretion of wastes & foreign substances. Regulation of blood volume; by conserving or eliminating water. Regulation of blood pressure (secreting the enzyme renin) (increasing or decreasing blood volume). Release of erythropoietin (a hormone which stimulate production of red blood cells). Play important role on acid-base balance. Role in vitamin D synthesis 7 Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys: Renal medulla consist of triangular structures called Renal Pyramid. Parenchyma of kidney divided into 2 parts: the apex of the renal pyramid called renal papilla. 1)Renal cortex 2)Renal medulla In the middle there is a cavity called (renal sinus) which filled by drainage system. drainage system: cuplike structure (minor calyces) collect urine from the papillary ducts of the papilla and empty into the major calyces. major calyces empty into the renal pelvis which empties into the ureter. 9 Renal sinus 10 16 Internal Anatomy of Kidney Urine collection Ducts within each renal papilla release urine into minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter 13 The Nephron: Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney Each Kidney has over 1 million nephrons composed of two parts renal corpuscle and renal tubule -Renal corpuscle consist of: o glomerular capillaries where filtration occurs o Bowman’s capsule is cup shape that collects filtrate -Renal tubule consist of: oproximal convoluted tubule oloop of Henle (Aescending, Ascending) odistal convoluted tubule 15 16 1 7 18 Structure of Renal Corpuscle Bowman’s capsule Glomerular capillaries  2-Anatomy of Ureters Muscular tube 25 cm long. It begins as a continuation of the renal pelvis. Extends from renal pelvis to bladder Enters posterior wall of urinary bladder 22 2 2 3 4  Location of Urinary Bladder: 3-Anatomy of Urinary Bladder Shape: Hollow, distensible muscular organ It has the shape of a three sided pyramid.The inferior angle isknown as the neck. capacity of 500 to 700 ml Location: lies in the pelvic cavity, Posterior to pubic symphsis. -In females anterior to vagina & inferior to uterus -In males anterior to rectum 23 Male versus Female Trigone is smooth triangular flat area bordered by 2 ureteric openings and one urethral opening. 25  Female Urethra: 4-Anatomy of the Urethra Has only Urinary Function Male Urethra: It is only 4 cm long. Length 19-20cm Extends from the neck of It is divided into the following known divisions: the Urinary bladder to open 1)Prostatic Urethra: Length 3cm externally through the Widest and most dilatable, it extends from the neck of the bladder inside the prostate gland. external urethral orifice 2)Membranous Urethra: Length 1cm, narrow part anterior to the vaginal Surrounded by external urethral sphincter (voluntary) opening. 3)Penile Urethra (spongy Urethra): Length 16 cm It extends inside the penis and opens externally ,through external urethral orifice(narrowest part of whole urethra) The male Urethra has both urinary function and ejaculatory function. 27 28 Male versus Female Urinary Catheter What is a Urinary Catheter? A urinary catheter is a flexible tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine. Used for patients who: 1- Cannot urinate on their own 2- Need continuous monitoring of urine output 3- Have undergone surgery or are immobile 29 30  Types of Catheters: 1. Indwelling (Foley) Catheter - Long-term use, stays in place with an inflated balloon. 2. Intermittent (Straight) Catheter - Short-term, inserted for immediate drainage, then removed. 3. Suprapubic Catheter - Surgically placed through the abdomen for long-term use. 31 32 3 5