Urinary System Nursing PDF

Urina system Dr. Salih Ahmed MBBS U of B MSc Human Anatomy National University 29-Oct-24 1 Intended learning outcome: Identify the anatomy of di erent urina organs(kidney, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra). Describe the p...

Urina system Dr. Salih Ahmed MBBS U of B MSc Human Anatomy National University 29-Oct-24 1 Intended learning outcome: Identify the anatomy of di erent urina organs(kidney, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra). Describe the position of the kidneys. describe the external and internal structure of the kidney. Identify and describe the main di erences between the male and female urina systems. 2 Introduction Urina system is the system that eliminate waste products and toxic substances from the body by ltration of the blood plasma and return most of water and solutes back to the bloodstream. 3  Introduction Urina system consist of two Kidneys, two ureters, urina bladder & urethra. Urine ows from each kidney, down to the ureters then to the bladder and nally outside the body via the urethra. 4 5 6 1- Kidneys Location and Shape: Kidney is bean-shaped paired organ Kidney lies just above the waist between the peritoneum & posterior abdominal wall on each side of the ve ebral column, at about the level of the rst lumber ve ebra L1. Protected by 11th & 12th ribs. 7  right kidney found in lower level than the left one due to presence of liver in the right side which compress the right kidney downward. e kidney is covered by brous capsule called renal capsule which separate the kidney from adrenal gland. 8 9  Ove iew of Kidney Functions: Filtering blood Excretion of wastes & foreign substances. Regulation of blood volume; by conse ing or eliminating water. Regulation of blood pressure (secreting the enzyme renin) (increasing or decreasing blood volume). Release of e thropoietin (a hormone which stimulate production of red blood cells). Play impo ant role on acid-base balance. Role in vitamin D synthesis 10 Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys: Parenchyma of kidney divided into 2 pa s: 1)Renal co ex 2)Renal medulla In the middle there is a cavity called (renal sinus) which lled by drainage system. drainage system: cuplike structure (minor calyces) collect urine from the papilla ducts of the papilla and empty into the major calyces. major calyces empty into the renal pelvis which empties into the ureter. 12  Renal medulla consist of triangular structures called Renal Pyramid. the apex of the renal pyramid called renal papilla. Consist of nephrons 13 Renal sinus 16 Internal Anatomy of Kidney Urine collection Ducts within each renal papilla release urine into minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter 18  e Nephron: Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney Each Kidney has over 1 million nephrons composed of two pa s renal corpuscle and renal tubule -Renal corpuscle consist of: o glomerular capillaries where ltration occurs o Bowman’s capsule is cup shape that collects ltrate -Renal tubule consist of: o proximal convoluted tubule o loop of Henle (Aescending, Ascending) o distal convoluted tubule 19 20 21 22 Structure of Renal Corpuscle Bowman’s capsule Glomerular capillaries  2-Anatomy of Ureters Muscular tube 25 cm long. It begins as a continuation of the renal pelvis. Extends from renal pelvis to bladder Enters posterior wall of urina bladder Lining epithelium is Transitional epithelium 26 27 28 3-Anatomy of Urina Bladder Shape: Hollow, distensible muscular organ It has the shape of a three sided pyramid. e inferior angle isknown as the neck. capacity of 500 to 700 ml Location: lies in the pelvic cavity, Posterior to pubic symphsis. -In females anterior to vagina & inferior to uterus -In males anterior to rectum 29 Location of Urina Bladder: Male versus Female 31  Trigone is smooth triangular at area bordered by 2 ureteric openings and one urethral opening. 4-Anatomy of the Urethra Male Urethra: Length 19-20cm It is divided into the following known divisions: 1)Prostatic Urethra: Length 3cm Widest and most dilatable, it extends of the bladder inside the prostate gland. from the neck 2)Membranous Urethra: Length 1cm, narrow pa Surrounded (volunta ) by external urethral sphincter 3)Penile Urethra (spongy Urethra): Length 16 cm It extends through inside external the penis urethral ori and opens externally ce(narrowest pa of , whole urethra) e male Urethra ejaculato function. has both urina function and 33 Female Urethra: Has only Urina Function It is only 4 cm long. Extends from the neck of the Urina bladder to open externally through the external urethral ori ce anterior to the vaginal opening. 34 Male versus Female 35 Urina Catheter What is a Urina Catheter? A urina catheter is a exible tube inse ed into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine. Used for patients who: 1- Cannot urinate on their own 2- Need continuous monitoring of urine output 3- Have undergone surge or are immobile 36  Types of Catheters: 1. Indwelling (Foley) Catheter - Long-term use, stays in place with an in ated balloon. 2. Intermittent (Straight) Catheter - Sho -term, inse ed for immediate drainage, then removed. 3. Suprapubic Catheter - Surgically placed through the abdomen for long-term use. 37 38 39 40