Urinary System 2024 RAKCOP PDF

Urinary system RAKCOP 2024 Dr Abdalla A E Elamin Dr Abdalla Ahmed Elamin Urinary system  Organs of the urinary system ❑2 Kidneys: which remove wastes product from the blood and produce the urine ❑2 Ureters: Convey the urine from the Kidneys to the Urinary Bladder ❑Urinary Bl...

Urinary system RAKCOP 2024 Dr Abdalla A E Elamin Dr Abdalla Ahmed Elamin Urinary system  Organs of the urinary system ❑2 Kidneys: which remove wastes product from the blood and produce the urine ❑2 Ureters: Convey the urine from the Kidneys to the Urinary Bladder ❑Urinary Bladder: which stores the urine ❑Urethra: Conveys the urine from Urinary bladder to outside of the body  Functions of Urinary System ❑Filter nitrogenous wastes, toxins, ions, etc. from blood to be excreted as urine. ❑Regulate volume and chemical composition of blood (water, salts, acids, bases). ❑Produce regulatory enzymes. o Renin – regulates BP/ kidney function o Erythropoietin – stimulates RBC production from marrow. ❑Metabolism of Vitamin D to active form.  Position of the Kidneys ❑Situated on the posterior wall of the abdomen on each side of the vertebral column ❑It is retroperitoneal (lies posterior to the peritoneum). ❑Extend from 12th thoracic to the 3rd lumbar vertebra. ❑The right kidney is lower than the left kidney due to presence the right lobe of the liver Position of the Kidneys  Covering of the kidneys ❑Renal capsule: fibrous capsule that prevents kidney infection and supports the soft internal tissues. ❑Perirenal fat: fatty tissue designed for protection and stability. ❑Renal fascia: dense fibrous connective tissue that surround the kidneys ❑pararenal (paranephric) fat lies external to the renal fascia. Covering of the kidneys  Posterior relations of the kidneys ❑Muscles and the Diaphragm  Posterior relations of the kidneys ❑The right kidney related to the twelfth rib. ❑The left kidney related to the eleventh and twelfth ribs.  Anterior relations of the kidneys Right Kidney ❑Right suprarenal gland ❑liver ❑Descending part of duodenum ❑Right colic flexure ❑Small intestine  Anterior relations of the kidneys Left Kidney ❑Left suprarenal gland ❑Stomach ❑Spleen ❑ Pancreas ❑Left colic flexure ❑Descending colon ❑jejunum Anterior relations  Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys ❑ Cortex: outer part of the kidney. ❑ Medulla: central part of the kidney. ❑ Renal pyramids: pyramidal structure within the renal medulla. ❑ Renal column: part of the cortex between the renal pyramids Minor calices: receive the urine from renal papilla , unite to form a major calyx ❑ Major calices: unite to form the renal pelvis ❑ Renal pelvis: which is the superior end of the ureters  Nephrons Nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidney that form the urine. Each nephron consists of ❑Renal corpuscle (Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule ) ❑proximal convoluted tubule ❑loop of Henle's ❑distal convoluted tubule. ❑ collecting duct  Blood supply of the kidneys ❑The kidneys take their blood supply directly from the abdominal aorta via the renal arteries ❑blood is returned to the inferior vena cava via the renal veins.  ureter ❑ It is muscular tube, about 25cm long ❑ It is continuation of the renal pelvis ❑ transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder ❑ Retroperitoneal (runs behind the peritoneum) ❑ It has 3 parts: 1. Abdominal part: in the abdomen 2. Pelvic part: in the pelvis 3. Intramural part: passes through the bladder wall  Urinary Bladder ❑Muscular sac that stores and expels urine ❑Lies directly superior to the Prostate gland (found only Neck in males) ❑Has a neck leading into the urethra. Urinary Bladder ❑ Empty bladder: lies entirely within the pelvis ❑ Full bladder: expands into the abdominal cavity Relation: ❑ Urinary bladder lies Anterior to the Rectum in male ❑ and lies Anterior to the Vagina in female ❑ Urinary bladder lies inferior to uterus in females  Sphincter muscles on bladder ❑Internal urethral sphincter: o Smooth muscle o Involuntary control o External Urethral sphincter: o Skeletal muscle o Voluntary control  Urethra Parts of the male urethra 1. Preprostatic part: between the neck of the bladder and base of the prostate gland 2. Prostatic part: passes through the prostate gland 3. membranous part: below the prostatic part 4. penile part: passes through the penis ❖Length 20 cm, pathway for urine and semen  Female urethra about 4cm long anterior to the vaginal orifice Thanks