Urogenital System PDF - BMS 101

Faculty of applied health Science – BMS 101 Urogenital system DR. Mogeda Mahdy Professor of Anatomy & Embryology gu.edu.eg By the end of the lecture, students should be able to: 1-Describe parts and functions of urinary system 2-k...

Faculty of applied health Science – BMS 101 Urogenital system DR. Mogeda Mahdy Professor of Anatomy & Embryology gu.edu.eg By the end of the lecture, students should be able to: 1-Describe parts and functions of urinary system 2-know components of the male genital system 3-Describe components of the female genital system 2 Urinary system 3 Urinary system It has the following parts: 1- kidney 2- ureter: 3- Urinary bladder: 4- Urethra: 4  Kidney Site : upper part of the posterior abdominal wall Shape: it is bean shaped It has 2 surfaces (anterior and posterior ) 2 borders ( lateral and medial ) 2 poles (upper and lower )  Hilum of the kidney It is a part on the medial border of the kidney. Renal artery It contains: 1 -Renal vein 2-Renal artery 3- Pelvis of ureter Renal vein Pelvis of ureter 6  Ureter Parts: It is a muscular tube 25 cm long extends -Pelvis of ureter. from the kidney to the Ureter -Abdominal urinary bladder. part. Function : It transmits urine from the kidney to -Pelvic part the urinary bladder 7  Urinary bladder Site : Lies inside the pelvis It receives the 2 ureters Function It stores urine Urine leaves it through the Urinary urethra bladder 8  Urethra Carries the urine outside the body Female urethra Male urethra Short and wide It is 4 cm in length 9 Male genital system 10 Male genital System It consists of: 1-Testes 2-Genital ducts (epididymis-vas deferens- urethra) 3-Accessory sex glands (seminal vesicle-prostate –bulbourethral glands) 4-penis  Testis It is the primary male sex organ Site : present inside skin sac called scrotum Functions 1- formation of sperms 2- secretion of male sex hormones (testosterone) 12  Epididymis Site: behind the testes Functions 1-Storage & maturation of sperms 2-Secretion of nutritive substance for sperms 13  Vas deferens Thick walled narrow lumen duct. 45 cm in length Unites with seminal vesicle behind urinary bladder to form ejaculatory duct Transport sperms to urethra 14  Seminal vesicle Seminal vesicle Highly tortuous tube on back of urinary bladder Unites with seminal vesicle behind urinary bladder to form ejaculatory duct which open in prostatic part of urethra Secretes nutritive substances rich in protein, fructose & vitamin C for sperm 15 Prostate Site : Surrounding upper part of urethra Opens on urethra Secretes alkaline secretion to neutralize acidity in vagina 16  Bulbourethral gland Site :small gland lies beside membranous urethra Function: Secretes mucous to lubricate urethra 17 Female genital system 18 Female genital system 19  Ovary It is the primary sex organ in female Site: on the lateral wall of the pelvis Function 1- formation of ova 2- secretion of female sex hormones ( estrogen and progesterone  Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes) 10 cm in length Connects uterine cavity with ovary Functions of Uterine tubes 1-Receives ova from ovary 2-Passage for sperms from uterus to ovum 3- Fertilization occur inside it.  Uterus A hollow pear-shaped muscular organ Site : inside the pelvic cavity Function 1-Site of reception and nutrition of fertilized ovum 2-Site of Menstrual cycle  Vagina Muscular tube is pierced by cervix of uterus Function 1-Passage of Menstrual blood 2-Birth canal 23  Test yourself 1- Which of the following are mucus-producing glands located beside the membranous urethra : a-prostate b- seminal vesicle c- Bulbourethral d- vas deference Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Test yourself 2- Fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon occurs in which of the following structures? a- Cervix b- Fallopian tube c- Ovary d-Uterus Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Test yourself 3-The urine in the body stored in: a-Urinary bladder b- Kidney c- Ureter d- Urethra Dr. Mogeda Mahdy Thank You gu.edu.eg Faculty of applied health Science – BMS 101 Nervous system – endocrine glands DR. Mogeda Mahdy Professor of Anatomy & Embryology gu.edu.eg By the end of the lecture, students should be able to: 1- List components of the nervous system 2-Describe parts of the brain and spinal cord 3-Describe spinal and cranial nerves 4- List components of endocrine system 2 Nervous system Division of the nervous system: 1- Central nervous system ( brain, and spinal cord ) 2- Peripheral nervous system Nerves (12 pair of Cranial nerves (31 pair of spinal nerves) 3 Brain It lies inside the skull Parts of the brain 1-cerebrum 2-brain stem 3-cerebellum Cerebrum Formed of 2 cerebral hemisphere 6 Cerebrum Each cerebral hemisphere is formed of 4 lobes Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital 7  Important areas on the lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere 1-Frontal lobe: contains -Motor area 4: which control the movement of the Lateral opposite half of the body sulcus - Broca’s motor area for speech which control speech N.B: present in the left hemisphere in right handed persons 8  Important areas on the lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere 2-Parietal (contains main sensory area 3-Temporal (contains the auditory area ) Lateral sulcus 4-Occipital ( contains visual area ) 9  Brain stem Formed of three parts 1- Midbrain (upper part) Mid brain 2- Pons ( middle part) 3-medulla oblongata (lower part ) Pons Medulla 10  Cerebellum Formed of two cerebellar hemisphere Separated by vermis Superior Inferior Two cerebellar hemisphere 11 Cerebral meninges: The brain is covered by 3 membranes From inside outwards Pia mater Arachnoid mater Dura mater 12  8 Cervical Spinal cord Length : about (45cm) Site : inside the vertebral 12Thoracic canal Segments: 31 (8 Cervical – 12Thoracic -5 5 Lumbar Lumbar -5 Sacral and one coccygeal) 5 Sacral one coccygeal  Spinal nerves 31 Pairs (8 Cervical – 12Thoracic -5 Lumbar - 5 Sacral and one coccygeal) 14 Cranial nerves 12 pairs vision (sensory) Smell Sensory to face (sensory) Motor to muscles of mastication Motor to muscles of the eye Motor to muscle of the face Hearing (sensory) Motor to muscles of the tongue Endocrine glands 16 Endocrine glands Ductless glands Secrete hormones directly into blood stream Dr. Mogeda 17 Mahdy  Pituitary gland Site :Small gland lies in the base of skull below the brain -It is the master gland -Control secretion of all remaining endocrine glands Secretes ACTH Prolactin TSH Growth hormone Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Thyroid gland Site :Lies in front of the lower part of the neck Formed of 2 lobes and connected by isthmus Secretes thyroxin hormone Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Parathyroid glands 4 small glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland Secretes Parathyroid hormone Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Supra renal glands Lie at upper poles of kidneys 1-Cortex : secrete cortisone & aldosterone hormones 2- Medulla secrete Adrenaline & noradrenaline hormones Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Pancreas (mixed gland) Its endocrine part secrete insulin and glucagon Dr. Mogeda 22 Mahdy Gonads (mixed gland) Ovary in female : its endocrine part secrete Testis in male: its endocrine estrogen and progesterone part secrete testosterone 23  Test yourself 1-The three parts of the brain stem are the: a- Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater b- Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata c- Thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus d-Cerebrum, cerebellum, and diencephalon Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Test yourself 2- Broca’s motor area for speech is present in: a-Temporal lobe b Frontal lobe c- Occipital lobe. d-Parietal lobe Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Test yourself 3-Which of the following cranial nerves is sensory nerve: a. Oculomotor b. Hypoglossal c. Olfactory d. Trochlear Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Match the nerve in column (A) with its function in column (B): A B 1-( ) Hypoglossal A. Motor to muscles of mastication 2-( ) Facial 3-( ) Trochlear B. Receives hearing 4-( ) Trigeminal C. Motor to muscles of tongue D. Supplies eye muscle E. Motor to muscles of face 27  Test yourself 6-The master gland of the endocrine system is: A- Adrenal B-Pancreas C-Thyroid D-Pituitary Dr. Mogeda Mahdy Thank You gu.edu.eg Faculty of applied health Science – BMS 101 Digestive system DR.Mogeda Mahdy Professor of Anatomy & Embryology gu.edu.eg By the end of the lecture, students should be able to: 1- List components of the digestive system 2-Describe site and parts of the stomach , liver and pancreas 3-Describe the different parts of biliary system 2 Digestive system is formed of : 1-digestive tract 2- digestive glands Dr. Mogeda3 Mahdy 1-Digestive tract -Mouth cavity -Pharynx - Esophagus - Stomach - Small intestine -Large intestine. 2 -digestive glands -Salivary gland -Liver and biliary system --Pancreas. Dr. Mogeda4 Mahdy  Mouth Cavity Contains: 1-Tongue it is muscular organ Involved in -speech. -Taste of food. -Mix food with saliva. 2- teeth :Two sets (upper and lower jaw Dr. Mogeda5 Mahdy  Pharynx The pharynx is the part of the throat: Nasal Cavity Nasopharynx behind the nasal cavity (nasopharynx) Behind the mouth (oropharynx) Oral Oropharynx cavity behind larynx( laryngopharynx) Larynx Laryngopharynx Dr. Mogeda Mahdy Larngopharynx Oropharynx Nasopharynx pharyngeal opening of Eustachian tube -The nasopharyngeal tonsil The palatine tonsils Dr. Mogeda7 Mahdy Esophagus It is a muscular tube (25 cm) Transports food from pharynx to stomach. Passes through esophageal opening of diaphragm and ends at cardiac opening of stomach Dr. Mogeda8 Mahdy Stomach The most dilated part of GIT Site: in the upper and left part of the abdominal cavity Function :digestion of food Dr. Mogeda9 Mahdy Stomach It has 2 opening 1-cardiac where esophagus end 2-pyloric end where duodenum begins Dr. Mogeda 10 Mahdy  fundus Stomach It has 2 parts 1- cardiac part formed of fundus and body 2-pyloric part formed of pyloric antrum , pyloric canal and pylorus body pylorus pyloric canal pyloric antrum Dr. Mogeda 11 Mahdy  Small Intestine Site : in the central part of the abdominal cavity Length :About 6 meters Functions : digestion and absorption Dr. Mogeda 12 Mahdy  Small Intestine Divisions Duodenum 25cm (C shaped around head of pancreas Receives openings of bile duct and main pancreatic duct. Jejunum 2/5 of the length of small intestine Ileum: 3/5 of the length of small intestine Dr. Mogeda 13 Mahdy  Large intestine Site In the abdominal cavity, around small intestine. Length: 1.5 meters Function : absorption of water and some minerals Dr. Mogeda 14 Mahdy Parts of large intestine Caecum Appendix Ascending colon Right colic flexure Transverse colon Left colic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal canal 15 Digestive glands 16  Salivary Glands (Three pairs) Sublingual Gland The smallest Site :below the Parotid Gland tongue The largest Open in the floor of the mouth by 8-12 site : below the ear ducts Opens in the vestibule Submandibular of the mouth opposite to Gland upper second molar by Site : below the parotid duct mandible Opens in the floor of the mouth by Salivary glands make saliva to help in digesting food submandibular duct  Liver it the largest organ in the body site : in upper right part of the abdominal cavity Lobes : right and Left Function: Secretes bile that shares in the digestion of food Dr. Mogeda 18 Mahdy  Gall bladder It is a sac lies in special fossa of the lower surface of right lobe of the liver It store and concentrate bile Gall bladder receive and evacuates bile through cystic duct Dr. Mogeda 19 Mahdy  Right hepatic duct Left hepatic duct Biliary system Liver secrete bile Right and left hepatic duct Gall bladder receive and evacuates bile through cystic duct Common hepatic + cystic =common bile duct common bile duct +pancreatic duct Hepatopancreatic duct which opened in the duodenum Dr. Mogeda 20 Mahdy  Pancreas Site : in the posterior abdominal wall. It extends from the spleen to the duodenum 21  Pancreas Formed of 4 parts Head Neck Body Tail Function : It secretes pancreatic juice that complete digestion Dr. Mogeda 22 Mahdy  Test yourself 1-One of the following is a part of small intestine: A-Duodenum B-Caecum C-right colic flexure D-left colic flexure Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Test yourself 2- At which of the following locations does bile enter the digestive tract: A-Gastroesophageal sphincter B- Duodenum C- Ileocecum D- Jejunum Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Test yourself 3-A patient sustains severe blunt trauma to the upper right abdomen and requires surgery. Which one of the following organs is most likely to be involved? A- Appendix B- spleen C-Pancreas D-liver Dr. Mogeda Mahdy  Test yourself 4-Regarding salivary glands, one is correct A-Parotid gland lies below the ear B-The duct of the submandibular salivary gland opens on the vestibule of mouth C-The parotid duct opens on the floor of mouth opposite the upper 3rd molar tooth D-Parotid gland is the smallest salivary Dr. Mogeda Mahdy Thank You gu.edu.eg