Computer Programming Fundamentals PDF

HW 1) What do computers do? - What are the main components of any computer? - - - [Data vs Information] Information = data + metadata - - Every data is represented in binary Computers can only process binary [Text in binary] Assign a decimal to each letter symbol - [...

HW 1) What do computers do? - What are the main components of any computer? - - - [Data vs Information] Information = data + metadata - - Every data is represented in binary Computers can only process binary [Text in binary] Assign a decimal to each letter symbol - [Audio in binary] - [Images in binary] - - [Video in binary] - What is computer program? - - [Computer Algorithm] - - Represented by 1) pseudocode 2) flowchart 1)Pseudocode: - 2\) Flowchart: - - - - - - Computer code vs computer algorithm Difference: +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Computer code | Computer algorithm | +===================================+===================================+ | written in computer **programming | Written in **human friendly | | language** | language** | | | | | eg) python, c | eg) pseudocode, flowcharts | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Actually **writing** code that | **Thinking** how to complete the | | completes the task | task | | | | | | Happen before, think **before** | | | writing computer code | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Represent a computer algorithm | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ Similarity: - - Computational thinking - (thinking like a computer) [4 steps of computation thinking:] 1\. Decomposition - - - 2.Pattern Recognition - - - 3\. Abstraction - - - 4\. Algorithm Design - - [Source code vs Machine code] **Source code** \- computer program written in programming language (eg. python, c **Machine code** \- computer program written in binary \- easily make mistakes, because less friendly Conversion from source code to machine code = Code Translation 2 type of code translation 1. - 2. - Examples: **[Scratch]** HW 9 \~ 11)Variables Definition- an unknown symbol that represents other data Function- for **later use**, **temporary storage** for data → no need to write same value multiple times; **convenient** Switch costume vs Next costume - - - **Start sound vs Play sound** Play sound - play sound until it finishes, rest of the code can not run while it is playing → for background music that plays forever - Start sound - start sound and rest of the code runs while it is still playing → for short sound effects Scrolling background: - - - - - **[C language]** What is IDE? **Integrated Development Environment** - software that can write and run code - - - Basic element of programming: - - - - - 1\. Data \- Computers X know meaning of binary sequence → X know data type of the data they process **-** Declaring a variable = creating variable \- structure: Data type variable identifier = data; \- 2 ways to represent data 1. 2. - - - \- variable identifier → to use a variable for 1) assign data to a variable 2) access data(reach the data from the cell) Formatted string parameter - 어떤 data type으로 print 할지, display in certain format \- printf("%d", a); Float vs Int 3 and 3.0 is different 3 = integer, 3.0 = flating point number - - **Pointer** - a variable that store memory address of other variables - - **Single characters vs String** character - consist of only ONE character - - String - consists of 0 or 1 or multiple characters - - - **Int vs Char** Similarity - - - - Difference - - - Formatted string always contain a formatted string parameter eg) "I have %d brothers", 2 Regular string X need formatted string parameter eg) "I have 2 brothers" **Escape Sequence** Definition: a character or series of characters that help users to do a special action, because it has a special meaning inside a string - **Char Array vs char pointer** Char array - collection of individual characters - Char pointer - string, multiple characters - - Do the same thing but use different data types **Declaration vs Initialization** Declaration - declaring the variable identifier, data type, and length of array inside \[\] Data type identifier \[size\] Initialization - assigning the data to a variable for the first time → no size in \[\], after \[\] have = {contents} Data type identifier \[\] = {contents} \- by writing contents, computer can infer the length of array **Branching** - used to compare data - eg) \>, \=, \ - - - **Functions** 1. 2. **Return Statement** int main (void){ return 0; } Return type - data type in front of function Return value - Return statement - word *return* + return value - - Data type of return type and return value is same