Blood Anatomy Quiz PDF

Question 1: What percentage of blood volume is typically made up of plasma? (a) 45% (b) 55% (c) 1% (d) 90% Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood? (a) Erythrocytes (b) Leukocytes (c) Platelets (d) Plasma Question 3: What is the average blood volume in an adult male? (a)...

Question 1: What percentage of blood volume is typically made up of plasma? (a) 45% (b) 55% (c) 1% (d) 90% Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood? (a) Erythrocytes (b) Leukocytes (c) Platelets (d) Plasma Question 3: What is the average blood volume in an adult male? (a) 4-5 L (b) 5-6 L (c) 6-7 L (d) 3-4 L Question 4: Which of the following is the most abundant solute in blood plasma? (a) Nutrients (b) Gases (c) Plasma proteins (d) Inorganic ions Question 5: What is the main function of erythrocytes? (a) Fighting infection (b) Transporting oxygen (c) Blood clotting (d) Producing antibodies Question 6: Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? (a) Distributing substances (b) Regulating blood levels (c) Protection(d) Producing hormones Question 7: What is the primary component of blood plasma? (a) Proteins (b) Water (c) Gases (d) Nutrients Question 8: Which of the following is the main component of red blood cells that binds to oxygen? (a) Spectrin (b) Hemoglobin (c) Myoglobin (d) Ferritin Question 9: What is the term for the percentage of blood volume that is made up of red blood cells? (a) Hematocrit (b) Hemoglobin(c) Hemopoiesis (d) Erythropoiesis Question 10: Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma proteins? (a) Substance carrier (b) Blood buffer (c) Production of red blood cells (d) Contribution to osmotic pressure Question 11: Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein? (a) Fibrinogen (b) Globulins (c) Albumin (d) Immunoglobulins Question 12: Where do most blood cells originate? (a) Liver (b) Spleen (c) Bone marrow (d) Lymph nodes Question 13: Which of the following is the most dense component of blood? (a) Plasma (b) Buffy coat (c) Erythrocytes (d) Platelets Question 14: What is the typical pH range of blood? (a) 6.85-7.25 (b) 7.35-7.45 (c) 7.55-7.65 (d) 7.0-7.2 Question 15: What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell? (a) 10 days (b) 30 days (c) 120 days (d) 60 days Question 16: What is the process of blood cell formation called? (a) Hemostasis (b) Hematopoiesis (c) Erythropoiesis (d) Leukopoiesis Question 17: What is the hormone that stimulates red blood cell production? (a) Thrombopoietin (b) Erythropoietin (EPO) (c) Interleukin (d) Growth Factor Question 18: What is the main cause of tissue hypoxia? (a) Too many RBCs (b) Too few RBCs (c) High blood pressure (d) Low blood pH Question 19: What is the function of iron in red blood cell production? (a) DNA synthesis (b) Oxygen transport (c) Cell division (d) Antibody production Question 20: Where is iron stored in the body? (a) Kidneys (b) Lungs (c) Liver, spleen, and bone marrow (d) Brain Question 21: Which of the following is NOT a cause of anemia? (a) Blood loss (b) Low RBC production (c) High RBC destruction (d) High WBC production Question 22: Which of the following is a type of anemia caused by low iron intake or impaired absorption? (a) Pernicious anemia (b) Renal anemia (c) Iron-deficiency anemia (d) Aplastic anemia Question 23: Which type of anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12? (a) Hemolytic anemia (b) Sickle cell anemia (c) Pernicious anemia (d) Iron deficiency anemia Question 24: What is the name for a genetic blood disorder where a globin chain is absent or faulty? (a) Sickle cell anemia (b) Thalassemia (c) Hemophilia (d) Aplastic anemia Question 25: What is the primary cause of sickle cell anemia? (a) Iron deficiency (b) Vitamin B12 deficiency (c) Abnormal hemoglobin (d) Platelet deficiency Question 26: What is the normal range of white blood cell count per microliter of blood? (a) 1,000-3,000 (b) 4,800-10,800 (c) 15,000-20,000 (d) 20,000-30,000 Question 27: Which type of leukocyte is the most abundant? (a) Basophils (b) Eosinophils (c) Neutrophils (d) Lymphocytes Question 28: Which type of leukocyte is involved in fighting parasitic worms? (a) Neutrophils (b) Basophils (c) Eosinophils (d) Monocytes Question 29: Which type of leukocyte releases histamine? (a) Neutrophils (b) Eosinophils (c) Basophils (d) Lymphocytes Question 30: Which of the following is an agranulocyte? (a) Neutrophil (b) Basophil (c) Monocyte (d) Eosinophil Question 31: Which type of lymphocyte produces antibodies? (a) T cells (b) B cells (c) Natural killer cells (d) Monocytes Question 32: Which leukocyte is the largest and differentiates into macrophages? (a) Basophil (b) Lymphocyte (c) Monocyte (d) Neutrophil Question 33: What are the chemical messengers that stimulate white blood cell production? (a) Hormones (b) Interleukins and colony-stimulating factors (c) Enzymes (d) Antibodies Question 34: Which of the following is NOT a type of leukemia? (a) Myeloid leukemia (b) Lymphocytic leukemia (c) Hemolytic leukemia (d) Acute leukemia Question 35: What is the function of platelets? (a) Oxygen transport (b) Fighting infection (c) Blood clotting (d) Hormone production Question 36: What is the precursor cell of platelets? (a) Myeloblast (b) Megakaryoblast (c) Lymphoblast (d) Erythroblast Question 37: Which of the following is NOT a step in hemostasis? (a) Vascular spasm (b) Platelet plug formation (c) Erythropoiesis(d) Coagulation Question 38: What triggers the vascular spasm during hemostasis? (a) Exposure to collagen fibers (b) Release of ADP (c) Injury to smooth muscle (d) Fibrin formation Question 39: What protein is responsible for the formation of the platelet plug? (a) Fibrinogen (b) Von Willebrand factor (c) Thrombin (d) Plasminogen Question 40: Which of the following is NOT a clotting factor? (a) Prothrombin (b) Fibrinogen (c) Albumin (d) Thrombin Question 41: What is the role of vitamin K in coagulation? (a) Formation of fibrin (b) Activation of platelets (c) Synthesis of clotting factors (d) Inhibition of thrombin Question 42: Which pathway of coagulation is triggered by tissue damage? (a) Intrinsic pathway (b) Extrinsic pathway (c) Common pathway (d) Fibrinolytic pathway Question 43: Which substance converts fibrinogen to fibrin? (a) Prothrombin (b) Thrombin (c) Plasmin (d) Factor XIII Question 44: What is the function of plasmin? (a) Forming fibrin (b) Stabilizing the clot (c) Breaking down fibrin (d) Activating thrombin Question 45: What does a thrombus refer to? (a) A freely floating blood clot (b) An undesirable clot in an unbroken vessel (c) A platelet plug (d) A deficiency of clotting factors Question 46: What is an embolus? (a) A stationary blood clot (b) A deficiency of platelets (c) A freely floating blood clot (d) A deficiency of clotting factors Question 47: Which of the following is an anticoagulant drug? (a) Aspirin (b) Heparin (c) Warfarin (d) All of the above Question 48: What is the term for a deficiency in the number of circulating platelets? (a) Hemophilia (b) Thrombocytopenia (c) Anemia (d) Leukemia Question 49: What is a characteristic symptom of thrombocytopenia? (a) Prolonged bleeding in joints (b) Petechiae (c) High RBC count (d) High WBC count Question 50: Which of the following is a disorder in which widespread clotting leads to severe bleeding? (a) Hemophilia (b) Thrombocytopenia (c) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (d) Leukemia Answer Key: 1: (b) 2: (d) 3: (b) 4: (c) 5: (b) 6: (d) 7: (b) 8: (b) 9: (a) 10: (c) 11: (c) 12: (c) 13: (c) 14: (b) 15: (c) 16: (b) 17: (b) 18: (b) 19: (b) 20: (c) 21: (d) 22: (c) 23: (c) 24: (b) 25: (c) 26: (b) 27: (c) 28: (c) 29: (c) 30: (c) 31: (b) 32: (c) 33: (b) 34: (c) 35: (c) 36: (b) 37: (c) 38: (c) 39: (b) 40: (c) 41: (c) 42: (b) 43: (b) 44: (c) 45: (b) 46: (c) 47: (d) 48: (b) 49: (b) 50: (c) Quiz on Albumin 1. What is the primary role of albumin in blood plasma? a) To transport oxygen b) To maintain osmotic pressure c) To fight infection d) To initiate blood clotting 2. Approximately what percentage of blood plasma proteins does albumin constitute? a) 4% b) 36% c) 60% d) 90% 3. Which organ is primarily responsible for producing albumin? a) Kidneys b) Spleen c) Liver d) Bone marrow 4. Which of these is NOT a function of albumin? a) Substance carrier b) Blood buffer c) Oxygen transport d) Maintaining fluid volume in the circulatory system 5. How does albumin contribute to maintaining fluid balance in the bloodstream? a) By actively pumping water b) By attracting water into the bloodstream c) By preventing water absorption d) By filtering water out of the bloodstream 6. What happens when blood albumin levels decrease? a) The kidneys produce more albumin b) The liver produces more albumin c) The spleen destroys old albumin d) The bone marrow increases red blood cell production 7. What characteristic of albumin prevents it from being taken up by cells? a) Its small size b) Its large size, preventing it from passing through capillary walls c) Its negative charge d) Its hydrophobic nature 8. What is meant by albumin acting as a "blood buffer?" a) It helps maintain blood temperature b) It helps maintain blood pH c) It helps regulate blood volume d) It helps in blood clotting 9. Which of the following best describes albumin's role as a "substance carrier"? a) It produces substances for cells b) It transports substances in the blood c) It removes waste from the blood. d) It is a structural protein that maintains blood vessel shape. 10. Which of the following is a consequence of low levels of albumin? a) Increased blood viscosity b) Edema (swelling) c) Increased blood pH d) Increased blood clotting Answer Key 1.b 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.b 6.b 7.b 8.b 9.b 10.b Quiz on Red Blood Cell Function and Production 1. What is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)? a) Fighting infection b) Respiratory gas transport c) Blood clotting d) Hormone production 2. What is the main component of red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport? a) Plasma b) Platelets c) Hemoglobin d) Leukocytes 3. What is the shape of a red blood cell? a) Spherical b) Biconcave disc c) Rod-shaped d) Irregular 4. What is the benefit of the biconcave shape of RBCs? a) Decreased surface area b) Increased surface area for gas exchange c) Increased flexibility d) Reduced viscosity 5. What does it mean that mature red blood cells are anucleate? a) They have multiple nuclei b) They lack a nucleus c) They have a large nucleus d) They have a fragmented nucleus 6. What other organelles are absent in mature red blood cells? a) Ribosomes b) Golgi apparatus c) Mitochondria d) Endoplasmic reticulum 7. What is the benefit of RBCs lacking mitochondria? a) They produce more ATP b) They consume the oxygen they transport c) They do not consume the oxygen they transport d) They are able to divide 8. What protein provides flexibility to the RBC membrane? a) Hemoglobin b) Spectrin c) Fibrin d) Myosin 9. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell? a) 30 days b) 60 days c) 100–120 days d) 200 days 10. What is the term for the process of red blood cell formation? a) Leukopoiesis b) Erythropoiesis c) Hemostasis d) Hematopoiesis 11. Where does erythropoiesis occur? a) Liver b) Spleen c) Red bone marrow d) Kidneys 12. What is the name of the stem cell from which all formed elements of blood arise? a) Myeloblast b) Lymphoblast c) Hemocytoblast d) Megakaryoblast 13. What hormone primarily stimulates erythropoiesis? a) Testosterone b) Erythropoietin (EPO) c) Insulin d) Growth hormone 14. Which organ primarily releases erythropoietin (EPO)? a) Kidneys b) Liver c) Spleen d) Bone marrow 15. What condition stimulates the release of erythropoietin (EPO)? a) Hyperoxia b) Hypoxia c) Dehydration d) Acidosis 16. What does hypoxia mean? a) Excess oxygen in the blood b) Inadequate oxygen delivery c) Excess carbon dioxide in the bloodd) Low blood pH 17. What is a consequence of too many RBCs? a) Anemia b) Increased oxygen delivery c) Increased blood viscosity d) Decreased blood pressure 18. What is a consequence of too few RBCs? a) Tissue hypoxia b) Polycythemia c) Decreased blood viscosity d) Increased blood pressure 19. What is the role of iron in erythropoiesis? a) Stimulates EPO release b) Component of hemoglobin c) Regulates cell division d) Increases cell flexibility 20. How is iron stored in cells? a) As transferrin b) As bilirubin c) As ferritin and hemosiderin d) As hemoglobin 21. How is iron transported in the blood? a) As ferritin b) As hemosiderin c) Bound to transferrin d) As hemoglobin 22. What vitamins are essential for DNA synthesis in developing RBCs? a) Vitamins A and C b) Vitamins D and E c) Vitamin B12 and folic acid d) Vitamin K 23. What is the immediate precursor cell to a mature red blood cell? a) Myeloblast b) Proerythroblast c) Reticulocyte d) Erythroblast 24. What is a reticulocyte? a) A fully mature RBC b) A young RBC that has recently lost its nucleus c) A stem cell d) A type of white blood cell 25. What does a reticulocyte count indicate? a) The oxygen-carrying capacity of blood b) The number of white blood cells c) The rate of RBC formation d) The rate of RBC destruction 26. Where are old and damaged RBCs primarily destroyed? a) Liver b) Spleen c) Bone marrow d) Kidneys 27. What is the fate of the heme group from destroyed RBCs? a) It is recycled directly into new RBCs b) It is degraded into bilirubin c) It is stored as ferritin d) It is excreted by the kidneys 28. What happens to the iron from degraded heme? a) It is excreted in feces b) It is salvaged for reuse c) It is converted to bilirubind) It is converted to urobilinogen 29. What happens to the globin part of hemoglobin? a) It is excreted in urine b) It is converted to bilirubin c) It is metabolized into amino acids d) It is stored in the liver 30. What is the condition characterized by abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood? a) Polycythemia b) Anemia c) Leukemia d) Thrombocytopenia 31. Which of the following is NOT a cause of anemia? a) Blood loss b) Low RBC production c) High RBC destruction d) High iron intake 32. What is the type of anemia caused by rapid blood loss? a) Iron-deficiency anemia b) Pernicious anemia c) Hemorrhagic anemia d) Aplastic anemia 33. What is the type of anemia caused by slow, persistent blood loss? a) Iron-deficiency anemia b) Pernicious anemia c) Chronic hemorrhagic anemia d) Aplastic anemia 34. What type of anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12? a) Iron-deficiency anemia b) Pernicious anemia c) Renal anemia d) Aplastic anemia 35. What is a common cause of iron-deficiency anemia? a) Lack of EPO b) Autoimmune disease c) Low iron intake or impaired absorption d) Genetic mutations 36. What is the autoimmune disease that can cause pernicious anemia? a) Multiple sclerosis b) Destruction of stomach mucosa c) Lupus d) Rheumatoid arthritis 37. What causes renal anemia? a) Vitamin B12 deficiency b) Lack of EPO c) Iron deficiency d) Genetic mutations 38. What causes aplastic anemia? a) EPO excess b) Iron excess c) Destruction or inhibition of red marrow d) Vitamin B12 excess 39. What are the causes of hemolytic anemias? a) EPO deficiency b) Iron deficiency c) Premature RBC lysis d) Vitamin B12 deficiency 40. What is the underlying cause of thalassemias? a) Iron deficiency b) EPO deficiency c) Faulty globin chain d) Vitamin B12 deficiency 41. What is a key characteristic of RBCs in sickle-cell anemia? a) Round shape b) Crescent shape c) Larger size d) Smaller size 42. What is the underlying cause of sickle cell anemia? a) Iron deficiency b) EPO deficiency c) A single amino acid change in the beta globin chain d) Vitamin B12 deficiency 43. What is the normal range of hemoglobin in males? a) 10-14 g/100ml b) 13-18 g/100ml c) 15-20 g/100ml d) 11-16 g/100ml 44. What is the normal range of hemoglobin in females? a) 10-14 g/100ml b) 13-18 g/100ml c) 15-20 g/100ml d) 12-16 g/100ml 45. What is the iron-containing pigment in hemoglobin? a) Globin b) Heme c) Spectrin d) Fibrin 46. How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin molecule carry? a) One b) Two c) Three d) Four 47. What is the color of oxygenated hemoglobin? a) Dark red b) Ruby red c) Blue d) Purple 48. What is the color of deoxygenated hemoglobin? a) Ruby red b) Blue c) Dark red d) Purple 49. How many molecules of hemoglobin does each RBC contain? a) 10 million b) 50 million c) 250 million d) 500 million 50. What is the approximate percentage of blood volume made up of RBCs (hematocrit)? a) 25% b) 35% c) 45% d) 60% Answer Key 1.b 2.c 3.b 4.b 5.b 6.c 7.c 8.b 9.c 10.b 11.c 12.c 13.b 14.a 1.​b 16.b 17.c 18.a 19.b 20.c 21.c 22.c 23.c 24.b 25.c 26.b 27.b 28.b 29 c 30.b 31.d 32.c 33.c 34.b 35.c 36.b 37.b 38.c 39.c 40.c 41.b 42.c 43.b 44.d 45.b 46.d 47.b 48.c 49.c 50.c