Vascular System Structure & Function PDF

Introduction Peripheral vascular and lymphatic assessments are Structure and Function of the Vascular System Arteries Function : The heart pumps freshly oxygenated blood through arteries to all body tissues. Characteristics : High-pressure system due to the hear...

Introduction Peripheral vascular and lymphatic assessments are Structure and Function of the Vascular System Arteries Function : The heart pumps freshly oxygenated blood through arteries to all body tissues. Characteristics : High-pressure system due to the heart's pumping action. Strong, tough, and elastic walls to withstand pressure. Contains vascular smooth muscle (VSM) that controls blood delivery by changing the diameter of arteries. Venous Flow  Mechanism : Veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart. Importance : Efficient venous return is vital for overall cardiovascular health and function. Lymphatic System Function : The lymphatic system works to drain lymph fluid from body tissues and facilitate immune responses. Components : Lymph nodes Lymphatic ducts Immune-related organs Developmental Competence Aging Adult  Changes : Arteriosclerosis vs. Atherosclerosis. Increased systolic blood pressure. Enlarged intramuscular calf veins. Higher risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Assessment Overview Subjective Data Key questions to ask patients: Leg pain or cramps : To identify possible arterial or venous insufficiencies. Skin changes on arms or legs : Check for color changes, temperature, texture, and turgor. Swelling in arms or legs : Could indicate lymphatic or venous issues. Lymph node enlargement : Suggests possible immune system involvement. Medications and smoking : Important risk modifiers. Objective Data Inspecting and Palpating the Arms Steps : Inspect color, temperature, texture, and nail beds. Assess for lesions, edema, or clubbing. Use the profile sign to detect early clubbing and capillary refill test (normal =