Biology Past Paper PDF

The process in which offspring arise from a single parent and have the genes of that parent only is called: a. Sexual reproduction b. Biotic reproduction c. Asexual reproduction d. Symbiotic reproduction The relatively stable set of internal conditions that organisms maintain is called: a. Homeopat...

The process in which offspring arise from a single parent and have the genes of that parent only is called: a. Sexual reproduction b. Biotic reproduction c. Asexual reproduction d. Symbiotic reproduction The relatively stable set of internal conditions that organisms maintain is called: a. Homeopathic b. Internal maintenance c. Homeostasis d. Body temperature Lauren’s grandmother is taking part in an experiment to determine how well a new diabetes medication works. In this experiment, the people in Group A are taking the new medication. The people in Group B, including Lauren’s grandmother, are taking a pill that does not contain the new medication, the placebo. In this experiment, what is Group A? a. Group A is the control group. b. Group A is the experimental group. c. Group A is the independent variable. d. Group A is the dependent variable. Scientific methodology is a well-established method used to study biological systems and conduct experiments leading to valid results. In the methods of science, which step generally comes before the other three steps? a. planning an experiment b. developing a hypothesis c. conducting the experiment d. analyzing data to draw a conclusion The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the _. a. cell b. atom c. nucleus d. enzyme What subatomic particles make up the mass of the nucleus? A. Electrons and neutrons B. Electrons and protons C. Protons and neutrons D. Protons and nucleic acids The _ is positively charged, whereas the __ is negatively charged. A. Neutron, electron B. Proton, electron C. Electron, neutron D. Proton, neutron _ ___________ are the building blocks, or monomers, that make up proteins. A. Nucleic acids B. Amino acids C. Fatty acids D. Lipids ______Which type of macromolecule stores genetic information? A. Amino acids B. Fatty acids C. Nucleic acids D. None of the above Which type of bonds hold two or more water molecules together? A. Hydrogen bonds B. Covalent bonds C. Ionic bonds D. None of the above Macromolecules are built from _______ which link together to form ______. a. Polymers, monomers b. Monomers, polymers c. Monomers, macromolecules d. Polymers, compounds ______The four main types of macromolecules are: A. Acids, bases, enzymes, and nucleic acids B. Carbohydrates, lipids, acids, and bases C. Nucleic acids, proteins, chemical reactions, and bases D. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids The monomers of carbohydrates are ___________. A. disaccharides B. monosaccharides C. polysaccharides D. nucleic acids A disaccharide contains ______ joined by dehydration synthesis. Ex: Lactose A. 2 monosaccharides B. 3 polysaccharides C. 3 monosaccharides D. 3 or more sugars This class of macromolecules does not dissolve in water. a. Proteins b. Amino Acids c. Fatty Acids d. Lipids Water molecules have partial charges which makes them _, and they are able to bond to other water molecules through ___________. A. Nonpolar, covalent bonding B. Polar, covalent bonding C. Nonpolar, hydrogen bonding D. Polar, hydrogen bonding Which of the following is a renewable resource? ○ A) Coal ○ B) Oil ○ C) Solar Energy ○ D) Natural Gas Which type of ecosystem is characterized by high temperatures and high humidity? ○ A) Desert ○ B) Tundra ○ C) Tropical rainforest ○ D) Temperate forest Which of the following best describes an invasive species? ○ A) A species that is endangered and needs protection ○ B) A native species that thrives in its environment ○ C) A non-native species that disrupt local ecosystems ○ D) A species that has become extinct Which gas is a major contributor to global warming?  ○ A) Oxygen ○ B) Nitrogen ○ C) Carbon Dioxide ○ D) Helium What process do plants use to convert sunlight into energy? ○ A) Respiration ○ B) Photosynthesis ○ C) Fermentation ○ D) Combustion Which of the following is a decomposer? ○ A) Grass ○ B) Rabbit ○ C) Fungus ○ D) Hawk The layer of gases surrounding Earth is known as the: ○ A) Geosphere ○ B) Hydrosphere ○ C) Atmosphere ○ D) Biosphere What is the main source of energy for the Earth’s climate system? ○ A) Wind ○ B) Solar radiation ○ C) Fossil fuels ○ D) Geothermal energy Which process is responsible for the carbon cycle's movement of carbon from the atmosphere to plants? ○ A) Respiration ○ B) Photosynthesis ○ C) Decomposition ○ D) Combustion Which of the following is a greenhouse gas? ○ A) Oxygen ○ B) Nitrogen  ○ C) Methane ○ D) Hydrogen Which of the following best describes a biome? ○ A) A specific species of plant or animal ○ B) A large area characterized by its climate and the types of plants ○ C) A type of ecosystem with artificial boundaries ○ D) A small community of organisms Termites are able to digest wood because of microbes that live in their gut. The relationship between a termite and the microbes inside it is an example of what type of symbiosis? a. Parasitism b. Commensalism c. A predator-prey relationship d. Mutualism What is the main function of decomposers in an ecosystem? ○ A) To produce energy through photosynthesis ○ B) To recycle nutrients back into the soil ○ C) To compete with primary producers ○ D) To provide food for herbivores Autotrophs can be classified into two groups according to which of these properties? a. Energy source, either sunlight or chemicals b. Food type, either plant matter or animal matter c. Water quality, either fresh water or salt water d. Food quality, either living matter or dead matter ____ are the main primary producers on land, whereas ___ is the main producer in water. a. Algae, plants b. Plants, plants c. Plants, algae d. None of the above Label the diagram: What type of chemical reaction? What is the difference between the red line and blue line? A. ________________ B. ________________ C. ________________ D. ________________ E. ________________ The model shows a substance crossing a cell membrane. Which of the following describes the process? ○ The model shows the process of active transport because the solute particles are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. ○ The model shows the process of bulk transport because the solute particles are moving from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. ○ The model shows the process of diffusion because solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. ○ The model shows the process of osmosis because the solute particles are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that all organisms must maintain to survive is known as: ○ Osmosis ○ Endocytosis ○ Homeostasis ○ Exocytosis A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment? ○ There is no movement of water molecules into or out of the cell because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same. ○ Water will move across the cell membrane to the inside of the cell because the cell has a higher concentration of solute particles than the solution. ○ Water will move across the cell membrane to the outside of the cell because the solution has a higher concentration of solute particles than the cell. ○ Water will move across the cell membrane in both directions because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same. Which type of organism consists of specialized cells? ○ Unicellular prokaryotes ○ Multicellular prokaryotes ○ Unicellular eukaryotes ○ Multicellular eukaryotes All unicellular organisms ○ are prokaryotes ○ are bacteria ○ reproduce ○ have a nucleus The human digestive system is comprised of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Which lists the parts from least complex to most complex? ○ muscle tissue, muscle cell, stomach ○ muscle cell, muscle tissue, stomach ○ stomach, muscle tissue, muscle cell ○ stomach, muscle cell, muscle tissue What type of cell transport is modeled?  ○ The model illustrates active transport because energy is required to move the solute particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. ○ The model illustrates diffusion because solute particles are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. ○ The model illustrates facilitated diffusion because protein channels allow solute particles to cross the cell membrane. ○ The model illustrates osmosis because water molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Which of the following statements are a part of the cell theory? ○ Cells are composed mostly of empty space. ○ Cells are generally large enough for the unaided eye to see. ○ All cells are produced from existing cells. ○ Only animals are made up of cells. The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus? ○ Bacteria ○ Eukaryotes ○ Prokaryotes ○ Viruses Despite differences in size and shape, at some point all cells have DNA and a ○ Cell wall ○ Cell membrane ○ Mitochondrion ○ Nucleus The _________________ contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules. a. Ribosomes b. Nucleus c. Lysosomes d. Endoplasmic reticulum Proteins are assembled by: e. ribosomes f. vacuoles g. lysosomes h. centriole Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes. Which of the following is a function of lysosomes? i. Lysosomes build lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. j. Lysosomes package lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. k. Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. l. Lysosomes store lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Which of the following structures are present in both plant and animal cells? m. cell walls n. chlorophyll o. chloroplasts p. mitochondria All cells contain cell membranes. Which of the following describes the composition of cell membranes? a. Cell membranes are composed of carbohydrate chains, which allow all materials to enter and leave the cell. b. Cell membranes are composed of cellulose, which provide rigidity for the cell. c. Cell membranes are composed of cytoplasm, which allows proteins to be excreted by the cell. d. Cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure. e. None of the above In eukaryotic cells, a number of organelles allow the cell to produce and distribute proteins. Where are proteins modified, sorted, and packaged? f. Golgi apparatus g. Ribosomes h. rough endoplasmic reticulum i. smooth endoplasmic reticulum