Study Guide PDF

Study guide: 1.​ Placenta - the organ that connects the blood supply to the fetus and acts like a filters, keeps out toxic or harmful substances while keeping oxygen and nutrients to pass through 2.​ Teratogens - any agent that harm a fetus 3.​ Extremities - proximodistal prin...

Study guide: 1.​ Placenta - the organ that connects the blood supply to the fetus and acts like a filters, keeps out toxic or harmful substances while keeping oxygen and nutrients to pass through 2.​ Teratogens - any agent that harm a fetus 3.​ Extremities - proximodistal principle that suggest development occurs from the center 4.​ Head - cephalocaudal principle of development suggests that development progresses from blank to tail. 5.​ Temperament - relatively stable and long lasting individual differences in mood and emotional behavior that emerge in early childhood and largely influence genetic factors 6.​ Assimilation - process a child uses old methods to deal with new situations 7.​ Accommodation - process a child changes old methods to adjust to new situations 8.​ Erikson's physical theory of development - eight developmental periods encompassing the individual development over their entire life span during which a person's primary goal is to satisfy desires associated with social needs. 9.​ menarche - a marker in female puberty when estrogen levels increase eightfold and first menstrual period occurs 10.​testerone - primary male sexual markers in boys include first ejaculation and sperm production triggered by an an increase in 11.​Risk Taking behaviors - lack of prefrontal cortex development 12.​Self esteem - how much we like ourselves, value our self worth, importance, attractiveness, and social competence 13.​Consummate love - a couple that shares intimacy, commitment, and passion shares 14.​Freudian slips - Freud's theory that threatening or anxiety-provoking thoughts hide in the unconscious and can be emerged through dreams with thoughts that emerge are dealt in a symbolic, non threatening way. Unintentional statements that go against unconscious thoughts and desires. 15.​Superego- the conscience that tells us right from wrong and regulates appropriate behavior 16.​ID - the child mind or pleasure seeker 17.​Ego - the rational mind that mediates the id and superego 18.​Defense mechanisms - a process that operates at unconscious levels and uses self deception or untrue explanations to protect the ego from being overwhelmed with anxiety 19.​Self actualization - the self concept, the real vs ideal self and positive regard to help people achieve. 20.​Projective test -highly subjective test of personality or psychology (Rorschah test or Thematic apperception test) 21.​External - we believe others are in control 22.​Internal - we believe we are in control of things in our life 23.​Self - efficacy - confidence in our ability to organize and execute a given a course of action or accomplish a task 24.​Five-factor - model of personality organizes personality traits and describe differences in personality using five actorgies (openness, consciousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) 25.​Person -situation - interaction theory; a person's behavior results from an interaction b/w his or her traits and the effects of our responding cues from a certain situation. 26.​Heritability - traits we inherit genetically 27.​Stress - an anxious or threatening feeling that comes when we interrupt or apprise being more than our psychological resource can handle. 28.​Psychosomatic symptoms - painful physical symptoms such as headaches, muscle pain, stomach issues, and increased susceptibility to colds and flus that are caused by anxiety , stress, and worry 29.​Anxiety - in an unpleasant state characterized by feelings of uneasiness and apprehension, an increase of heart rate and blood pressure. 30.​Eustress- an increase in stress that is pleasanton desirable, and healthful 31.​ Hardiness - combination of three personal strengths of control, commitment, and challenge that helps us deals with stress 32.​Problem focused - declining to deal with a potentially stressful situation by using one or both of two different coping patterns. 33.​emotion focused - we seek support and sympathy to avoid the situation 34.​Mental disorder - a recurring problem that affects someone's capability to liev satisfying life or function in society. 35.​Phobia - an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear that is out of proportion by an object. 36.​Maladaptive behavior approach - an approach that claims behaviors are psychologically damaging or abnormal if it interferes with one life. 37.​Objective - MMPI or big five personality inventory 38.​Projective - thematic apperception test or inkblot test 39.​Conduct disorder - a disorder characterized by repetitive and persistent patterns that have been happening for a year that violates social rules and rights of others. 40.​Depression - having no interest in anything and getting no pleasure in activities 41.​Bipolar disorder - period of alternating depression and mania 42.​seasonal pattern - mood disorder that occurs at the same time every year; seasonal depression 43.​Nature & nurture - diathesis stress theory, people have genetic predisposition that interact with life stressors that cause schizophrenia 44.​Positive symptoms of schizophrenia - hallucination, delusions, loss of normal functions 45.​Negative symptoms in schizophrenia - dulled emotions, flattened affect, and little inclination to speak 46.​Rare - true dissociative disorder such as amnesia or fugue states are 47.​ Valid and reliable - MPD may not be 48.​ Supportive relationship - important for therapist to create with clients 49.​Deinstitutionalization - release of mental patients from mental hospitals and return to the community to live fulfilling lives. 50.​ Stigma to humanization - change of viewing mental disorders 51.​ Unconscious - psychoanalysis focus on the idea that blank part of our mind donations ideas, memories, desires 52.​Repressed - these thoughts, desires, ideas are hidden 53.​Psychological problems (paranoia)- freud believed unconscious conflicts were the development of 54.​Physical symptoms - freud believed unconscious conflicts were the development of 55.​Groups - prejudice can be created by forming 56.​Compete - and having them blank for limited resources 57.​Minimal group - paradigm method for investigating minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur in groups. 58.​Fundamental attribution - error is our tendency to look for the cause of a person's behavior rather than how the situation influences a person's behavior. 59.​ Diffusion of responsibility - bystander effect, we are less likely to help rather than alone cause a group effect called. 60.​Outgroup -includes everyone who isn't part of the group 61.​Homogeneous - we tend to view members.