Philippine Music PDF

MUSIC​ ​ Contemporary Music ​ Contemporary Music refers to any style of music that addresses current issues in a way that appeals to the present audience. It may involve fusing various music styles together.​ ​ Ramon Santos, PHD (National Artist): "Contemporary music in the Phili...

MUSIC​ ​ Contemporary Music ​ Contemporary Music refers to any style of music that addresses current issues in a way that appeals to the present audience. It may involve fusing various music styles together.​ ​ Ramon Santos, PHD (National Artist): "Contemporary music in the Philippines refers to compositions that have adopted ideas from 20th-century art music in the west, as well as the latest trends in entertainment."​ ​ Contemporary music is written, recorded, and performed by Filipino composers and is often referred to as Pop Music. It became popular in the 60s and 70s, with a focus on ballads.​ National Contemporary Artists An order bestowed on Filipinos with significant contributions to Philippine art. Members of this order are called National Artists. Famous Contemporary Composers and Their Compositions 1.​ Ryan Cayabyab (Ryan Cipriano Pujante Cayabyab)​ ○​ Famous Composition: "Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika" ○​ Known for his contributions to music, composing in genres like classical, jazz, and adult contemporary. 2.​ Nicanor Abelardo​ ○​ Famous Composition: "Pilipinas Kong Mahal" ○​ Combined European romanticism with chromaticism. 3.​ Antonio J. Molina​ ○​ Famous Composition: "Hating Gabi" ○​ Known as the "Father of Philippine Impressionist Music." 4.​ Alfredo Buenaventura​ ○​ Famous Composition: "Rizal the Great Malayan Antagonist" ○​ Known for composing operas and having a unique style of music composition. 5.​ Lucrecia R. Kasilag​ ○​ Famous Composition: "Toccata for Percussion and Winds" ○​ Known for incorporating indigenous Filipino instruments in orchestral music.  6.​ Levi Celerio​ ○​ Famous Compositions: "Dahil Sa Iyo," "Ang Pipit" ○​ Famous for making music with a leaf and his work in film music. 7.​ Restituto "Restie" Umali​ ○​ Famous Compositions: "Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika," "Araw Gabi" ○​ Known for his songs in Filipino pop and adult contemporary genres. 8.​ Lucio San Pedro​ ○​ Famous Composition: "Sa Ugoy ng Duyan" ○​ Known for his "romantic nationalist" style in music. Philippine Pop Music (OPM) ​ Filipino Pop Songs: Music popularized since the 1960s, particularly ballads. ​ During the American regime, local artists aimed to create distinct music that felt uniquely "Filipino," known as the Manila Sound. ​ Famous OPM Artists: ○​ Herminio Jose Lualhati Alcasid Jr.: A singer, songwriter, and television presenter. ○​ Moira Dela Torre: Known for her covers and original compositions like "Mabagal," "Paubaya," and "Sundo." Musical Characteristics 1.​ Form: The structure of a song, often labeled as A, AB, ABC, ABA. 2.​ Dynamics: The volume of music, including soft (p), loud (f), and very loud (fff). 3.​ Pitch: Describes how high or low a note is. 4.​ Tempo: The speed of the music, from slow (Largo) to fast (Presto). Creation of Popular Music ​ Themes: Common OPM themes include love relationships, good times, dreams, problems, and patriotism. ​ Groove: The rhythmic flow that connects the listener, like dance grooves or bluesy grooves. ​ Melody: Catchy and easy to remember but with enough variation to keep things interesting. ​ Lyrics: Descriptive, with images and action words that convey emotions. ARTS Photography  ​ Etymology: The word "Photography" comes from the Greek words photos meaning light and graphos meaning writing. It’s the art of capturing light to create images.​ ​ Photography as an Art: As an art form, photography involves discerning significant moments, framing them in the camera viewfinder with an eye for composition, and capturing the moment. It is the expression of creativity through visual representation.​ ​ Photography as Communication: Photography is a modern art form that serves as a powerful means of communication in fields like journalism, advertising, and education. It conveys information, emotions, and ideas to an audience.​ Distinctive Characteristics of Photography 1.​ Composition: How a scene is arranged to best tell a story and draw attention to the most important aspects of the photograph. 2.​ Story: The narrative conveyed through the image. Great composition can make a photograph powerful by telling a compelling story. Noteworthy Photographers in the Philippines 1.​ George Tapan​ ○​ Award-winning travel photographer, winner of two Pacific Asia Tourism Association awards and 1st place in the 2011 National Award for "Into The Green Zone." 2.​ John K. Chua​ ○​ A renowned advertising and commercial photographer with over 40 years of experience. He is known for showcasing the beauty of the Philippines. Media-Based Arts in the Philippines and The Art Elements ​ Photography: Captures the elements of form, color, light and shadow, texture, and composition to create a true work of art.​ ​ Film: A medium that has evolved tremendously over the years. It adds a dimension of moving images, creating powerful storytelling.​ Film-Makers and Other Parts of Film Production 1.​ Film Director: Directs the acting and conceptualizes the scenes. 2.​ Film Actors/Acting: Learn to express themselves without exaggerated facial expressions, as compared to stage performances. 3.​ Cinematography: Captures the director’s vision through camera placement, movement, and lighting. 4.​ Editing: Involves selecting and sequencing shots to achieve the desired visual and emotional effect. 5.​ Production Set/Design: Recreates the director’s vision in physical terms through location, scenery, sets, lighting, and costumes. Animation ​ Urduja (2008): The first fully animated Filipino film, created with traditional hand-drawn animation and some 3D effects. ​ Dayo: Sa Mundo ng Elementalia (2008): The first Filipino full 3D animated film. Print Media ​ Includes publications like newspapers, magazines, brochures, and flyers. ​ Advertising: Appears in various print media like posters, brochures, and flyers. Basic Compositions in Photography 1.​ Filling the Frame: Move closer to the subject to focus on it. 2.​ Rule of Thirds: Place the subject off-center for a natural composition. 3.​ Framing: Use natural or man-made elements around your subject to create a frame. 4.​ Leading Lines: Use lines that guide the viewer’s eyes into the image. 5.​ Symmetrical Balance: Create mirror-image compositions. 6.​ Asymmetrical Balance: Use uneven elements placed off-center. Purpose of Photography Photography can vary depending on the photographer’s goal: ​ Documentary: Capturing events or moments to provide detailed accounts. ​ Hobbyist: Capturing life moments for personal enjoyment. Types of Photography 1.​ Landscape: Captures nature and outdoor scenes to immerse the viewer. 2.​ Macro: Close-up photography of small subjects like insects or flowers. 3.​ Wildlife: Records animals in their natural habitat. 4.​ Portrait: Captures the personality and attitude of a person. 5.​ Documentary: Records the world as it is, often informing or documenting contemporary life. 6.​ Fashion: Focuses on fashion clothing and accessories. 7.​ Travel: Documents landscapes, people, and cultures of different areas. 8.​ Event: Captures significant occasions like weddings, birthdays, or public gatherings. PHYSICAL EDUCATION Physical Activity & Exercise ​ Physical Activity (WHO Definition): Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure, including activities like working, playing, household chores, traveling, and recreation. ​ Exercise: Any bodily activity specifically designed to enhance or maintain physical fitness and overall health and wellness. Eating Habits ​ Definition: Refers to the reasons and ways people eat, the types of food consumed, and social aspects of eating (e.g., who we eat with). It also includes how food is obtained, stored, used, and discarded. ​ Balanced Eating: Eating habits go wrong when we consume either too little or too much of what our body needs. Unhealthy eating can lead to conditions like underweight, overweight, or obesity. Hip-Hop Dance ​ Origin: Hip-hop culture and dance emerged in the Bronx, New York City, in the 1970s. ​ Key Influencers: African Americans and Latin Americans played a significant role in the development of hip-hop dance. ​ Hip-Hop Culture Elements: Includes DJing, rapping, breakdancing, and graffiti art. Hip-Hop Dance Styles 1.​ B-Boying (Breakdancing): ○​ The first hip-hop dance style that originated among Black and Puerto Rican youth in New York City during the 1970s. 2.​ Popping: ○​ Involves making parts of the body appear to explode outwards by contracting muscles followed by relaxation, creating a jerking movement. 3.​ Locking: ○​ Recognized for its distinct stops, where the dancer locks their body into a position, holds it briefly, then continues the movement at the same speed. 4.​ Krumping: ○​ A freestyle dance style characterized by jabs, arm swings, chest pops, and stomps. It's an expressive, powerful dance, often mistaken as angry due to its intensity. 5.​ Shuffling: ○​ Involves fast heel and toe movements, often accompanied by arm movements. It’s commonly used with electronic dance music. HEALTH Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ​ Definition: The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000, aimed to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ​ Overview: There are 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that represent the shared vision of humanity and serve as a social contract between global leaders and the people. These goals address various global challenges, including poverty, health, and the environment. Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) ​ Programs set by the UN and WHO, in partnership with the World Bank, to address specific global health issues. Key Global Health Initiatives (GHIs)  1.​ Global Fight Against Communicable Diseases​ ○​ Rollback Malaria: Focuses on malaria prevention and treatment, including mosquito control. ○​ Stop TB: Aims to prevent tuberculosis transmission through treatments like TBDOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course). ○​ Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization: Strengthens immunization programs for children, providing vaccines for diseases like Hepatitis B, Meningitis, Yellow Fever, and Pneumonia. ○​ Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria: A funding program to tackle the three major diseases. 2.​ Global Prevention and Control of Tobacco and Alcohol Use​ ○​ Strategies to reduce harmful tobacco and alcohol use, which contribute to non-communicable diseases. 3.​ Global Initiative for Mental Health​ ○​ Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020: Focuses on improving mental healthcare access and combating stigma associated with mental health issues. 4.​ Global Strategy to Respond to COVID-19​ ○​ Mobilize: Encourages community participation in response efforts. ○​ Control: Involves identifying and isolating cases, as well as contact tracing. ○​ Suppress: Includes travel restrictions and lockdowns to limit transmission. ○​ Develop: Focuses on creating accessible vaccines and therapeutics. Impact of Global Health Initiatives on Health ​ Rollback Malaria: Led to better prevention (e.g., insecticide-treated bed nets) and treatment. ​ Stop TB: Increased access to TB medicines and treatment through local health centers. ​ Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization: Raised vaccination rates and reduced deaths in children under 5. ​ Global Fund for AIDS, TB, and Malaria: Provided resources that allowed people to manage diseases like AIDS as chronic conditions. Issues in Implementation of GHIs 1.​ Global Fight Against Communicable Diseases​ ○​ Rollback Malaria: Insufficient capacity and weak health systems hinder progress. ○​ Stop TB: Limited access to quality care, particularly in poor regions.  2.​ Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization​ ○​ Difficulty reaching consensus on immunization roles in developing countries, especially in conflict zones or areas with weak governance. 3.​ Tobacco and Alcohol Control​ ○​ Tobacco companies exploit trade disputes and smuggling to grow their markets, undermining health initiatives. 4.​ Mental Health​ ○​ Lack of access to mental health services and insufficient funding are major barriers. 5.​ COVID-19 Response​ ○​ Health and social disruptions caused by the pandemic have made it difficult to implement health initiatives globally. Adapting Global Health Initiatives to Local/National Contexts 1.​ Global Fight Against Communicable Diseases​ ○​ Malaria & TB Interventions: Local strategies like insecticide-treated bed nets and Directly Observed Treatment (DOTS) for TB. 2.​ Immunization Programs​ ○​ National strategies such as Reaching Every Barangay in the Philippines, to ensure routine immunization. 3.​ Tobacco and Alcohol Control​ ○​ Local measures like increased taxes on tobacco and alcohol, smoke-free legislation, and education campaigns. 4.​ Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)​ ○​ Programs targeting lifestyle interventions, screening (e.g., for cancer), and preventive care for conditions like diabetes. 5.​ Mental Health​ ○​ Promote workplace wellness programs, mental health education, and prevention of abuse. 6.​ COVID-19 Response​ ○​ National-level measures like lockdowns, cash assistance programs, and universal health care (UHC) support.