Light Review Study Sheet PDF

Light Review Study Sheet Types of Light and Examples: 1. Incandescence: Light produced by heat. Example: Lava. 2. Electric Discharge: When electrons transfer from one object to another. Example: Lamp. 3. Phosphorescence/Fluorescence: Light emitted when another light so...

Light Review Study Sheet Types of Light and Examples: 1. Incandescence: Light produced by heat. Example: Lava. 2. Electric Discharge: When electrons transfer from one object to another. Example: Lamp. 3. Phosphorescence/Fluorescence: Light emitted when another light source provides energy. Example: Glow-in-the-dark toys. 4. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs): Light produced by electrical current passing through a semiconductor. Example: LED light strips. Simple Definitions: Plane Mirror: A flat surface that creates virtual images of real objects. Incident Ray: A ray of light pointing toward and striking a surface. Reflective Ray: Light rays that bounce off a surface. The angle of Incidence: The angle between the incident ray and the normal. The angle of Reflection: The angle between the reflected ray and the normal. Normal: An imaginary line perpendicular to the surface where the light ray strikes. Angle of Incidence vs Angle of Reflection: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Four Characteristics of Images: 1. Size: The relative size of the image compared to the object. 2. Orientation: Whether the image is upright or inverted. 3. Type: Whether the image is real or virtual. 4. Location: The position of the image in relation to the object. Mirror Sketches: 1. Concave Mirror: ○ The focal point and center of curvature are located in front of the mirror. ○ Light converges at the focal point. 2. Convex Mirror: ○ The focal point and center of curvature are behind the mirror. ○ Light diverges after reflection. Uses of Mirrors: Concave Mirror: Used in telescopes. Convex Mirror: Used in car side mirrors for a wider field of view. Refraction: Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed. Index of Refraction: It tells you how much the path of light is bent (refracted) when entering a material. Types of Refraction: 1. Natural Refraction: Occurs in nature. 2. Artificial Refraction: Occurs through human-made materials or devices. Critical Angle: The critical angle occurs when light moves from a denser medium (more refractive) to a less refractive medium. The first medium must be more refractive than the second for total internal reflection to occur. Total Internal Reflection: Happens when light moves from a more refractive (denser) medium to a less refractive (rarer) medium, and the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle. Refraction in Various Phenomena: 1. Light Before Sunrise: Refraction bends sunlight in the atmosphere, allowing us to see the Sun before it rises. 2. Apparent Depth Phenomenon: Refraction makes objects in water appear shallower than they are. 3. Mirages: Refraction in air layers of different temperatures creates illusions, like water on the road. 4. Rainbows: Sunlight refracts, reflects, and refracts again in raindrops, forming a rainbow. 5. Fibre Optics: Light travels through fibers by total internal reflection, staying within the core. Types of Lenses: 1. Convex Lens: Thicker in the middle, converges parallel light rays to a focal point. 2. Concave Lens: Thinner in the middle, diverges parallel light rays away from a focal point. Functions of Eye Parts: Pupil: Controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting size. Iris: Regulates pupil size and light reaching the retina. Retina: Receives light and converts it into electrical signals. Lens: Focuses light onto the retina for clear images.  Rods: Detect light and dark, enabling vision in low light. Cones: Detect color and provide detailed vision in bright light. Nearsightedness: A nearsighted person sees near objects clearly but distant ones blurry. Cause: Eyeball is too long or cornea is too curved, light focuses in front of the retina. Fix: Concave lenses diverge light to focus it correctly on the retina. Farsightedness: A farsighted person sees distant objects clearly, but near objects are blurry. Cause: Eyeball is too short or cornea too flat, light focuses behind the retina. Fix: Convex lenses converge light to focus it correctly on the retina. a) Red Light and Green Light mix to create Yellow Light b) Red Light and Blue Light mix to create Magenta Light c) Blue Light and Green Light mix to create Cyan Light d) Red Light, Blue Light, and Green Light mix to create White Light e) A Blue object in a Yellow light looks Green f) A Cyan object in Green light looks Green g) A Magenta object in Green light looks Black h) A Cyan object in a Yellow light looks Green