Quality of Life Study PDF

Geography study. Quality of life Quality of life represents how comfortable and healthy someone can participate in things they enjoy. We will research the quality of life in a country to decide whether or not to move there. Indicators These indicators can define how the quality of life is, and ho...

Geography study. Quality of life Quality of life represents how comfortable and healthy someone can participate in things they enjoy. We will research the quality of life in a country to decide whether or not to move there. Indicators These indicators can define how the quality of life is, and how healthy, comfortable, and happy a population is. These indicators help us rank countries based on their quality of life. ​ Infant mortality- the number of infant deaths for every 1000 births ​ Life expectancy- how long a person is expected to life ​ Fertility rate- the average number of children born to a woman ​ Birth rate- the number of births per thousand of a population per year ​ Death rate- number of deaths compared to a population- often expressed as 1000 ​ Access to medical care- the percentage of people who can get timely access to health care ​ Access to clean water- the percentage of people who have access to clean water ​ Literacy rate- the percentage of the population over 15 years old can read and write ​ Access to education- percentage of the school-aged people who receive an education ​ Poverty rate- percentage of people who are living in poverty ​ Per capita income- average amount of money earned per person of a country ​ Unemployment rate- percentage of people who dont have a job. Womans quality of life The quality of a womans life can be determined by these indicators: fertility rate, infant mortality rate, and average number of completed years of education. Fertility rate The fertility rate of a country tells us the number of children born alive to a woman. In general when woman have a high fertility rate, they tend to have lower quality of life. Reasons: 1)​ Woman give brith to more kids in a developing country.because they have a higher chance of losing a baby durning birth. 2)​ Woman have more babies if they dont have or job or arent in school. 3)​ Woman who have more babies have less acess to contraception, which means they have less access to health care Infant mortality rate This indicator tells us how many child deaths happen per 100 births. There will be more child deaths in unhealthy women. They may not have prenatal supplies of assistance because the country is developing Average number of completed education The number of years a woman goes to school also tells us about their quality of life. In developed nations, women are beginning to surpass men in number of completed years of education. But in developing countries, like niger, women go to school for less than one year. Canadian woman go to school for 13.4 years. Scatterplots Slighty parted. Going downwards= weak negative Slightly parted, going upwards= weak positive Lined up, going down= strong negative Lined up, going up= strong, positive Scattered randomly= no relation HDI The United Nations created the HDI to measure how well a country provides a good life for its citizens. It is measured on three large indicators. 1)​ Live a long and healthy life (life expectancy) 2) education 3) have a good standard of living. Norway has the highest ranking in the HDi therefore Norway provides the best life for its citizens. Long and healthy life This indicator is the life expectancy at birth. Norway has a life expectancy of 82.91 years while niger is 62.43 Education There are two metrics to this indicator. First, the rankings use the expected number of years of school, secondly the average number of years of schooling Good standard to living. The indicator used for this metric is the gross national income (GNI) per capita. The GNI per capita is the total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses divided by the number of people living in the country. Developed vs developing countries A developed country provides a higher quality of life than a developing country. Asia has a developed economy and advanced infrastructure. Everything is all ready for new citizens to settle in. Developed countries are also called industrialized countries. As they have industries that take advantage of natural resources and provide jobs to citizens. When citizens have jobs, they can earn money for their country and spend money, which is a sign of a strong economy. Developing countries tend to have a lower quality of life as some things arent available for the citizens yet. The citizens focus on agriculture to meet their needs. When people only focus on their own needs they cant provide for others. This leads the country to have a weaker economy and citizens living in poverty. Infrastructure The term infrastructure means the buildings and roads in a region. Buildings In developed countries, hospitals, schools, libraries, and courts are available for people to use when they need, in developing nations these buildings are hard for people to access. Roads Roads are very important to a country and its development. Roads connect workers to jobs, students to a school, the sick to hospitals, and industries to a shop. A sign of struggling developing nation is a lack of roads. This leads to a lower quality of life. Demography Demography is the study of human populations. We can study it in many ways including: ​ Size- population of cities, countries, and continents ​ Gender- how many males and females in a population. ​ Age- how many people there are in different age groups ​ Distribution- where people live in a region ​ Income- how much income people earn in a region ​ Martial status- percentage of the population that is married or single ​ Ethnicity- the ethnic background of people living in a region. ​ Growth- the growing or shrinking of a population from year to year Importance of demography. Demography is important because it used to plan for future generations. At a city level, studing the population can help develop the infrastructure according to the statistics. Economic sectors The sections or types of economic gain Primary sector This sector includes activities where natural resources from the earth is extracted to be sold. Their job is very important because they extract goods that we need to build good. Examples include farmers, loggers, miners, fishing, forestry, and oil extractor. Secondary sector The secondary sector is the manufacturing sector of the industry. They make the products from raw materials. There fore the secondary sector takes materials from the primary sector. Some examples are construction workers, manufacturers of cars and furniture, cooks, candy makers, and manufacturing of toiletries. Tertiary sector This is the service sector, meaning who ever works in this sector provides a service. A service means you are not providing a physical object but instead are providing knowledge or an experience. Some examples are doctors, nurses, waste collectors, waiter or waitresses, Quaternary sector This sector consists of businesses that provide informational services. If you needed information about something, you would call workers in this sector. Some examples are teachers, scientists, technology support workers and most bankers. Economic systems Traditional economic system. This usually runs in a developing country. The economies only make what you need. You dont provide sales, you only provide for oneself. They only trade with others Command economic system In a command economic system, a central authoury, a higher up controls the economy. The higher up usually the government decides what price they will be soid and who gets the profits.some problems with this system is that no matter how hard you work, you will get the same share of others. Market economic system The market economic system is a free system based on free markets. The goverment haves very little interference on the price and who gets the money. Problems with this system is there could be inequitable wealth. Mixed economic system combines both the market and command economic system. Most of the economy is free, meaning people can buy sell as much as they want but some industries are controlled by the government. Like education and healthcare. Corporations and industries could make a lot of money but they are taxed by the government. This system takes the best from the market and command systems. North korea- planned command economy The country of north korea used a command economy. A command economy is often called a planned economy. North koreas economy is entirely planned by north koreas government, Kim jong-un. North korea sets the prices of everything. They decide how much they pay you. The government even assigns you the job you will do. The government studies how many people they need in each industry so they could assign people jobs accordingly. Struggles with north koren economy The north korean economy has collapsed many times since the 1990s. In the 1990s there has been food shortages that were caused by natural disasters. Hailstorms, flooding, and droughts. North korean government officials have said 225,000 lost their lives due to starvation. However experts from other countries have estimated the figures could be as high as 3.5 million deaths. The reason for the struggle is the governments focus on the military. In north korea men must join the military for 10 years once they each the age of 18. Women must join from 18-23. With many in the military, the economy sufferes from people shortage. There arent enough people to make more goods to earn money. In 2016 north korea spent 4 billion on their military. That is 24% of their GDP. canada spent 1.16% on their military. Market economy- capitalism In the market economy, the gover allows their citizens to earn as much as they can. The government doesnt include any taxes of the buying or selling of products. The government does not need that much money as they dont provide as many services like how canada does on healthcare, and education. Capitalism Capilitsm is the style of economy where individuals control the buying and ceiling of products and services without interference from the government. The richest billionaires benfifted from this style of economy. But they worked very hard for the money. Generally in capitalism, who ever works the hardest, gets more money. Drawbacks Though capitalism is beneficial to many, this causes a lot of global inequality. There is only so much money in one country. If one earns majority there wont be enough for others to earn. Unequal distribution of wealth. The unequal distribution of wealth is another from on inequality that exists in our world. Wealth refers to how much money a person has. In 2019, the 3 richest people in the usa have more money than the poorest 50% americans combined. Theres is only so much money in the world, and the goal for most people is to earn as much of it as possible. Those three individuals make more money than they could ever spend while others cannot even afford to pay for food. Poverty Our global economic system appears to be broken as hundreds of millions of people worldwide are living in extreme poverty. There is no money left for those in poverty to earn. Extreme poverty is defined as living on less than 1$ a day. 10% of the world lives on extreme poverty and over 80% live on 10$ a day. Solution Taxing the rich and wealthy corporations is one way to spread their wealth. The government takes a percentage of their money depending on how much they earn. But again there is another problem where wealthy people have accountants that work around the tax. Canadian imports Canada is a major player in the global economy. We have numerous trading partners that we import from and send exports to. An import is something we buy from another country and bring into Canada. An export is something we manufacture here in Canada and send to another country. Due to our physical geography and our climate, we have the need to import certain things to Canada. For example, certain fruits need to be imported to Canada because they cannot be grown here all year round. On the other hand, our physical geography is one of our strengths as we have access to rich oil fields, thick forests, and vast oceans and waterways. These are excellent resources to export to other countries. Imports Canada imported over $458 billion worth of goods and services in 2018. That is a crease from the year before. Canada's top 5 imports are: (1) vehicles, (2) machinery/ computers, (3) mineral fuels and oil, (4) plastics, and (5) medical equipment. 58% of Can imports come from the USA and Mexico. 24% come from Asia, and 13% are from European countries. Exports In 2018, Canada exported $449 billion worth of goods and services to other countr 76%% of the exports went to the USA and Mexico. 12% went to Asia and 8% to Europe. Canada's top 5 exports are: (1) fuel and oil, (2) vehicles, (3) machinery and computers (4) gems and precious metals, and (5) wood. Trade Deficit - Deficit/Surplus Trade balance between imports and exports is crucial. Spending more on imports than a country makes in exports creates a trade deficit. A trade deficit is not good for Canada because that is more money going to other countries than money coming into Canada. A trade surplus means a country earns more in exports than they spend on imports. In 2020, Canada had a $12 billion trade deficit as they exported $431 billion and imported $443 Billion. Struggling economy China before 1978 was in a strict command economy. The economy was controlled by the government. Jobs were also assigned by the government. The economy was suffering because everyone earned the same amount, so workers had little to no motivation to work. After 1978 they started to bring in market principles. After that, the GDP rapidly rose. Business took off. China now ranks #1 in exports and #2 in imports. China now has the second highest GDP in the world.