Learning Objectives Unit 1 Spr 25 PDF

Unit 1: Cell Structure/Function, Biomolecules, Membrane Structure & Transport 1. List three major characteristics that distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. Describe the significance of the endosymbiotic theory. 3. Identity the major eukaryotic organelles from a figure and describ...

Unit 1: Cell Structure/Function, Biomolecules, Membrane Structure & Transport 1. List three major characteristics that distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. Describe the significance of the endosymbiotic theory. 3. Identity the major eukaryotic organelles from a figure and describe their functions. 4. Predict the organelle that is central to the function of particular cell types. 5. Predict the consequence of a defective organelle to a cell. 6. Trace the pathway of a protein that will be exported from production to secretion from the cell. 7. Identify the most common elements within cells and the four classes of macromolecules and their corresponding monomers that make up cells. 8. Define electronegativity and use the differences between atom electronegativity values to determine if bonds are polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, and ionic bonds. 9. Predict the behavior of molecules with primarily nonpolar covalent versus polar covalent bonds in water and explain why they behave in this way. 10. Predict whether a given molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. 11. Draw a water molecule and identify the type of bond between atoms within a water molecule and identify the type of interaction between water molecules. 12. Contrast covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds. 13. Draw a phospholipid, identifying polar and nonpolar regions and describe how phospholipids behave in water. 14. Draw a cell membrane with its four primary components. 15. Rank the ability of the following substances to cross a phospholipid bilayer - large versus small molecules; polar versus nonpolar molecules; charged versus uncharged molecules. 16. Predict the direction of movement of substances across membranes based on relative concentrations. 17. Contrast the fluidity and permeability of a membrane composed of mostly saturated versus unsaturated phospholipids. 18. Predict how the addition of cholesterol would alter membrane permeability. 19. Determine the relative concentrations of solute versus water in hyper-, hypo- and isotonic solutions. 20. Predict the direction of movement of water of cells placed in hyper-, hypo- and isotonic environments. 21. Predict whether energy is necessary to move substances either with or against their concentration gradients. 22. Predict when transport proteins are required to transport substances across a membrane and contrast carrier, channel and pump membrane proteins.