Neoclassicism and Romanticism Notes PDF

Here's the text from the images converted into a structured Markdown format. ### NEOCLASSICISMO E PREROMANTICISMO In the second half of the 1700s, neoclassicism developed, an artistic current that is inspired by classical art (that is, Greek culture). In this period, in fact, excavations are devel...

Here's the text from the images converted into a structured Markdown format. ### NEOCLASSICISMO E PREROMANTICISMO In the second half of the 1700s, neoclassicism developed, an artistic current that is inspired by classical art (that is, Greek culture). In this period, in fact, excavations are developed and important discoveries are made, such as Ercolano and Pompei. Pompei (1748) fuels a continuous curiosity that leads scholars and students to visit classical art, felt the guiding light to arrive at "elegance, grandeur, magnificence" of classical art. The greatest exponent of Neoclassicism, Winckelmann, goes to Italy and here analyzes and develops the concept of "beauty and ideal" that if the artistic works done by the ancients, classical art, is serene, harmonious, simple, calm, beauty consists in dominating passions, in the elegant and controlled language. Many artists and scholars are passionate about archeology and beginning to search for statues and the remains of Greek and Roman ruins in Italy. Subsequently, after having studied the works of art they imitate them giving rise to Neoclassical art. The Greco-Roman "classicality" becomes the privileged model to be inspired by, to reach the original strength of the "beautiful" ("imitation of antiquity" is considered the only way to reach the purity of nature). **There are three typologies of Neoclassicism** 1. Neoclassicism archeology :depicts mythological and harmonious figures * Love and Psyche (it is inspired by the fresco of Ercolano) * The three graces: (disseminate splendor, joy in the natural world) * Voltaire (even though he has 76 years the spirit is what is important) 2. Neoclassicism revolution: exalts Atene and Roma * Alfei examples * David 3. Neoclassicism empire: a regime ### PREROMANTICISMO In the second half of the 1700s, there is a different tension from what characterizes the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism. It is preromanticism, that as we know proceeds that important phenomenon that is Romanticism and even a different violence. **An opera... Monaco by Caspar David Friedrich** It is the opposite of Neoclassicism: artists pay attention to the interior and subjective dimension. On desolate lugubrious atmosphere. individualization, rebellion, action, passion. *Friedrich: The wanderer above the sea of fog* The artist is no longer illuminated by reason like Enlightenment, it should instead be animated by an interior freedom that breaks laws giving space to the soul. Art is seen as absolute, creative, which can lead to rules. Night is a beloved theme from the romantic universe, inhibited projection with the mystery of nature. Friedrich, a romantic artist, says: *"Close your physical eye, so as to see the picture primarily with the spiritual eye. Bring to light what you saw in the darkness, so that it may react upon others from outside to inside".* **What are the themes of preromanticism?** * Death, pain, suicide * Exasperation of subjectivity * Tendency towards sentimental * Love for the soul * Exaltation of the individual soul * Attraction to irrationals * FOSCOLO Neoclassicism and preromanticism coexist, with the Italian person Ugo Foscolo. But, excellence of pre-romantic opera, is the Sturm und Drang movement. The novel which is more exalta is: *i dolori del giovane Werther*, source to Foscolo is inspiration. The letter in the year (1774). Writer gives life to a narrator, which can express and reason which does central impossibility. The novel has enormous success in the world. The young man in the novel. ### In Foscolo is: * llluminismo: * the mechanical force * Neoclassicismo: * beauty and arts * Preromanticismo: * nature ### **Qual è il ruolo dell' arte?** Consolare, dalla violenza e della guerra per gli altri. * Letteratura e l'arte ha la funzione di tramandare. * Le ultime lettere di *Jacopo Ortis* * Caratteristica: primo romanza italiano * Romanzo eposicolare * Foscolo di guanda Il modello che Foscolo è quella di Goethe perche il protagonista. * Il tema è confeinmo * Nei scritti non c'e nessuno. * Affermazione.