Nursing Pharmacology Notes on Cholesterol, Anticoagulants, and Cardiac Medications - PDF

Here is the converted text from the images into a markdown format: # Chapter 27 * The HDL level should be greater than 45mg/dL * The LDL level should be less than 30mg/dL * All together, Cholesterol levels should be less than 200 mg/dL * With statins, there should be diet and lifestyle chan...

Here is the converted text from the images into a markdown format: # Chapter 27 * The HDL level should be greater than 45mg/dL * The LDL level should be less than 30mg/dL * All together, Cholesterol levels should be less than 200 mg/dL * With statins, there should be diet and lifestyle changes with them to be effective. * statins are also the strongest Cholesterol drugs * Rhabdomyelysis * first signs will be long lasting muscle with stage I * Stage 2 will be kidney pain in back/flank pain and will manifest with dark urine (coke colored) * Stage 3 will manifest with complete liver failure and they will stop producing urine * Powder form of Cholestyramine should be administered 1hr before or 4 to 6 hours after any other oral medication * Also used to treat itching caused by a blockage in the bile ducts of the gall bladder # Chapter 26 * Heparin induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) * Type I * Gradual reduction in Platelets * Heparin therapy can generally be continued * Type 2 * Acute fall in the # of Platelets (more than 50% from baseline) * Discontinue Heparin * Enoxaparin always given SQ * Heparin symptoms * Melena (blood in stool) * Petechiae * Antidote to Heparin * Protamine Sulfate * Mnemonic for antidotes: * In heaven theres Peace / in War theres Killing * Heparin, Protamine, Warfarin, Vitamin K * Normal INR w/out worfarin * 1.0 * Normal INR w/Warfarin * 2 to 3.5 * When 2 anticoagulants are ordered together, it should ALWAYS be questioned * Asprin and Clopidogrel are DIFFERENT because these drugs work on the PLATELETS * Thrombolytics are used once the clot is actively causing stroke, MI, or heart attacks * Always give risk to Pt. and get WRITTEN consent * Know the sites for Subq * LMWH is always given SQ @ rotated sites * Know the herbal products on Slide 24 of PP 5 of tutoring slides * Ginger, Garlic, and Capsicum powder etc. all ↑ bleeding w/ these drugs # Chapter 25 * Adenosine given in stress test + has a very fast half-life of 10 seconds * Can cause asystol for 10 seconds * Diltizaem * ↓ AR, BP Will remain Stable, Crosses BBB+ Pt. can have really weird abnormal dreams * With DYSRYTHMIC drugs, the goal is to return to normal rhythm * Monitor EKG very closely # Chapter 24 * Digoxin Given for HF * Monitor Potassium * Antidote is digifab * Therapeutic range of 0.5 to 2 ng/mL # Chapter 23 * Nitrates are #1 class * Nitroglycerin * Major action is vasodilation of coronary arteries * If BP less than 90/100, hold the medication * ASK Pt about 'Slidanifil + tadalafil (if taken + How often) * Severe vasodilation causing the pressure in the head to ↓ and causes a headache (let Pt know) # Chapter 22 * Hydralazine * Vasodilates * Can have reflex tachycardia * Given IV Push * Usually given when BP is VERY high