NUR 336 Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) PDF

NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 1. Assessments for Children: What are - Wristbands (for babies, it may be some examples of identification of found on lower leg) child (client) in acute care se...

NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 1. Assessments for Children: What are - Wristbands (for babies, it may be some examples of identification of found on lower leg) child (client) in acute care setting? - Parents have matching bands 2. Assessment for Children: How do you - Start with the least invasive tasks start with an assessment (with the first understanding of the child's develop- - Next, (if appropriate) have the mental age)? child help you with more invasive tasks, such as putting the BP cuff on (explain what you are doing and what machines are doing). Remember: Be aware of any im- pairments and adjust accordingly. 3. Assessment for Children: What are Forehand or armpit two examples of where the tempera- ture can be taken? Remember: Give the child control over decisions. Such as asking the child where to take their tempera- ture. 4. Assessment for Children: When giving Only give the child a couple of the child control over decisions, what choices, rather than a list to avoid should you remember? any confusion. 1 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 5. Assessment for Children: Give one ex- Starting with a child's height and ample of actively including the child in weight - make it fun. Have them their physical assessment. guess how big they are? 6. Assessment for Children: What is im- - Always be respectful portant to remember when caring for a - How do they prefer to be ad- transgender adolescent? dressed? (ex. pronouns) 7. Assessment for Children: What is im- Communicate with them FIRST! portant to remember when communi- cating with parents/guardians? 8. Communication: You must always Introduce yourself ____ ____ first (always)! 9. Communication: When dealing with a - Get down with client at eye level child who is afraid, what is important - Beginning building trusting rela- for the nurse to do? tionships 10. Communication: What are two impor- - Communication, is imperative to tant factors to remember when dealing keep them updated on condition with parents of the client? and plan of care - Family-centered care is key, par- ents should have a say in the care provided to their child. Remember: Parents are very stressed when their child is hospi- talized. 11. Communication: How should we ask - Ask open ended questions with questions? What is the goal? the goal of obtaining good informa- tion 2 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk - Starting the question with, "tell me more about ____". Remember: Avoid closed ended questions (ex. yes or no), which may shut down the client 12. Communication: If you are assessing Ask if they want their parent in the an adolescent and their parent is pre- room, sent, what should you ask the adoles- cent (client)? Remember: Give the adolescent control whenever possible and be- gin to build a trusting relationship 13. Cultural Diversity: What are three im- - Be open to the belief of other cul- portant factors to remember regarding tures client's culture? - Be aware of you own beliefs and not allow your own feelings to get in the way - Ask open ended questions to gain better understanding and ask how you can be supportive. 14. Cultural Diversity: Provide one exam- The nurse can ask when the client's ple of how a nurse can respect the prayer time is and workout sched- client's culture? ule around it, as appropriate. 15. Cultural Diversity: True or False True Providing the most respect for differ- ent cultures will be most beneficial. Remember: Ask client and family about culture to gain better under- standing 16. End-of-Life: When a child is dying, - Social worker what (four) supportive individuals may - Child life the client and family see? - Chaplin - Other support groups outside the hospital staff 17. 3 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk End-of-Life: What are three opportuni- - Legacy work--if they desire (ex. ties parents may desire to do when Locks of hair, recording voice of the their child is in the process of dying? child, hand/foot prints/molds) - Parents may want time to hold baby - Parents/family may want to lay in the bed with the older child 18. End-of-Life: What should the nurse do - Swaddle the baby in a warm blan- if the parents want to hold their baby ket: Nurses should avoid causing after it has passed? further stress to the parents and handing parents the "cold" baby. - Allow time and privacy for the parents, while reminding them that we are outside whenever they need further assistance 19. End-of-Life: If in the ICU, and the child Provide a calm peaceful environ- is withdrawing from care, what is im- ment: portant for the nurse to do? - Getting rid of unnecessary equip- ment (ex. Beeping pumps and alarms- these are very distracting) - Providing chairs (for family and loved ones) - Positioning the child properly (ex. parents may want to lay with child) 20. End-of-Life: The traumatic death of a - Support groups (ex. spiritual) child may include what six services? - Chaplin - Social workers - Counsel services - Legacy work with child life special- ist - Organ donation notification is like- ly hospital policy (ex. tissue) 21. Pain Scales: What pain scale is used FLACC Scale for infants? 4 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 22. Pain Scale: What pain scale is used for Wong-Baker FACES preschoolers (and up)? 23. Pain Scale: If a 10-year-old client is go- - Talk to client about the pain scale ing to surgery (removal of appendix), - Who they should expect to meet what are important three factors to dis- after surgery cuss with the client? - How pain will be managed 24. Home Health Services: True or False False, it DOES benefit you. Understanding the post-acute ser- vices will NOT benefit you no matter what specialty of nursing you select. 25. Home Health Services: For pediatric - Private duty nursing: Helps with home health can assist with the follow- specialized needs ing seven services such as... - Case management - Child life specialist - Physicians - PT/OT/ST - Pharmacists - Dietitian 26. Home Health Services: What is the im- Family resources or the lack there- portance of community resources? of, will have influence on the child and potentially their health. 27. What is PKU? Phenylketonuria- Autosomal reces- sive deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine (metabolic disorder) In simple terms, lack of an enzyme 5 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 28. PKU: The elevated levels of phenylala- Mental cognitive impairment. This nine can result in... is characterized by developmental delays, poor feeding, irritability, and vomiting. 29. PKU: What is the PKU testing called? Guthrie test 30. PKU: When is testing done? Test is completed 24-72 hours fol- lowing birth. Remember: Testing is required in all 50 states. 31. PKU: How is the Guthrie test conduct- Doctors use Guthrie cards to col- ed? lect capillary blood from an infant's heel, and the cards are saved for later testing. 32. PKU: What type of diet is implement- A low-phenylalanine, low-protein ed? diet must be implemented for the rest of the child's life. 33. PKU: Specialized formula can be cost- Resources may be needed. ly, so... 34. Galactosemia: What is a major nutrient Galactose- To sever as a substrate in newborns and what is its purpose? for energy production, fuel storage, and regulator of carbohydrate as- similation. 35. Galactosemia: What is galactosemia? A common enzyme deficiency that prevents the breakdown of galac- tose to glucose. 6 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk In simple terms, cannot break down glucose (sugar) 36. Galactosemia: This results from, From when babies begin to take what? breast milk or formula with lactose. Remember: Both breast milk and formula contain sugar that contains galactose. 37. Galactosemia: Provide one example of Soy-based formula formula the baby can take. 38. Galactosemia: What are four symp- - Loss of appetite toms? - Vomiting - Diarrhea - Jaundice of skin and whites of their eyes Note: Which all lead to failure to thrive. 39. Developmental Stages: What is the "Coo" milestone for speech/language in a 3-month-old? 40. Developmental Stages: What is the - Recognizes your voice milestone for hearing/understanding - May stay quiet/smile when spoken in a 3-month-old? to 41. Developmental Stages: What is the "Babble" milestone for speech/language in a 6-month-old? 42. Developmental Stages: What is the - Notices sounds, music, changes milestone for hearing/understanding in tone of voice in a 6-month-old? - Moves eyes toward sound 43. Imitation 7 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk Developmental Stages: What is the milestone for speech/language in a 9-month-old? 44. Developmental Stages: What is the - Imitates actions and gestures milestone for hearing/understanding - Looks at objects when talked in a 9-month-old? about 45. Developmental Stages: What is the 1-2 words milestone for speech/language in a 12-month-old? 46. Developmental Stages: What is the - Understands simple phrases milestone for hearing/understanding - Recognizes words for common in a 12-month-old? items 47. Developmental Stages: What is the 18 words milestone for speech/language in a 18-month-old? 48. Developmental Stages: What is the - Follows simple commands/ques- milestone for hearing/understanding tions in a 18-month-old? - Points to pictures/objects in book 49. Developmental Stages: What is the "2" word phrases milestone for speech/language in a 2-year-old? 50. Developmental Stages: What is the - Follows 2 step directions milestone for hearing/understanding - Uses gestures during pretend in a 2-year-old? play 51. Developmental Stages: What is the "3" word phrases milestone for speech/language in a 3-year-old? 52. Developmental Stages: What is the - Understands spatial/time con- milestone for hearing/understanding cepts in a 3-year-old? - Understands pronouns/plurals 8 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 53. Developmental Stages: What is the "4 or more" word sentences milestone for speech/language in a 4-year-old? 54. Developmental Stages: What is the - Understands how/why questions milestone for hearing/understanding - Groups objects in a 4-year-old? - Identifies colors 55. Developmental Milestones: What is the - Gross motor skills pertain to skills difference between fine and gross mo- involving large muscle movements, tor skills? such as independent sitting, crawl- ing, walking, or running. - Fine motor skills involve use of smaller muscles, such as grasping, object manipulation, or drawing. 56. Development Milestones: Name some - Grasps toys, can open and close examples of fine motor skills within a hands 2-3 month child. - Eyes follow object to midline - Blows bubbles 57. Development Milestones: Name some - Raises head and chest when lying examples of gross motor skills within on stomach a 2-3-month child. - Supports upper body with arms when lying on stomach - Stretches legs out and kicks when lying on stomach or back 58. Development Milestones: Name some - Bangs objects on table examples of fine motor skills within a - Can transfer objects from hand to 6-8-month child. hand - Start of pincer grasp 59. Development Milestones: Name some - Can roll from side to side examples of gross motor skills within - Can sit unsupported by 7 or 8 a 6-8-month child. months - Supports whole weight on legs 60. 9 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk Development Milestones: Name some - Can hold crayon, may mark on examples of fine motor skills within a paper 1-year-old child. - Begins to use objects correctly 61. Development Milestones: Name some - Pulls self up to stand examples of gross motor skills within - Walks holding on to furniture a 1-year-old child. - May walk two or three steps inde- pendently 62. Development Milestones: Name some - Learns to dress self examples of fine motor skills within a - Can draw simple shapes (ex. cir- 2-3-year-old child. cle) 63. Development Milestones: Name some - Jumps examples of gross motor skills within - Kicks ball a 2-3-year-old child. - Learning to pedal tricycle 64. Development Milestones: Name some - Dress independently examples of fine motor skills within a - Use scissors 4-5-year-old child. - Learning to tie shoes - Brushes teeth 65. Development Milestones: Name some - Goes up and down stairs indepen- examples of gross motor skills within dently a 4-5-year-old child. - Throws a ball overhand - Hops on one foot 66. Developmental Stages: When assess- - Pull themselves up on furniture ing a 10-month-old, what is expected - Pinch and grab (like with cereal) to see regarding their fine/gross motor - Walk few steps without assistance skills? 67. Developmental Stages: Name some Stuffed animals, building blocks, toys that are age-appropriate for tod- books, play dough, tricycles, small dlers and account for their growth and cars and trains, and pretend toys to development. play housekeeping, such as pots, pans, spoons, and cups. 10 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 68. As far as assessment regarding the Fontanels baby's head, what are we looking at? 69. Where are fontanels located? Anterior and posterior 70. When should the anterior fontanel 12-18 months close? 71. When should the posterior fontanel 2-3 months close? 72. Scenario: A 14-month-old baby comes Document as normal finding. in for a wellness check. While con- ducting a general assessment, you Note: Not meant to alert anyone. feel posterior fontanel is not close. (as mentioned by Professor) Note, there is no abnormalities, such as building, or sinking. The fontanel is fine and flat. What should you do? 73. Scenario: A 22-month-old baby comes Alert provider ASAP for further in for a wellness check. While con- evaluation ducting a general assessment, you feel posterior fontanel is not close. Note, there is no abnormalities, such as building, or sinking. The fontanel is fine and flat. What should you do? 11 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 74. Erikson's Stages: Infancy (Birth to age Trust vs. Mistrust 1 year) Example: The child learns to trust as needs are met by the caregiver (ex. crying) 75. Erikson's Stages: Early Childhood Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Age 1-3 years) Example: Frame of mind: "I am a big kid now. 76. Erikson's Stages: Preschool (3-6 Initiative vs. Guilt years) Example: Learning right from wrong 77. Erikson's Stages: School age (6-12 Industry vs. Inferiority years) Example: Forming social relation- ships is seen as important 78. Erikson's Stages: Adolescent (12-19 Identity vs. Role Confusion years) Example: Preoccupied with ap- pearance and what others think of them 79. Erikson's Stages: Young Adulthood Intimacy vs. Isolation 80. Erikson's Stages: Middle Adulthood Generativity vs. Stagnation 81. Erikson's Stages: Maturity Integrity vs. Despair 82. How do we educate family members - Place infants on their back regarding infant sleeping- five fac- - No blankets tors? - Away from windows - Mobile, if age-appropriate - No co-sleeping 83. What is SIDS? Sudden infant death syndrome 12 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 84. What is the peak age for SIDS? 2-4 months 85. What can be used to prevent SIDS? Pacifiers Note: Research supports this! 86. What do babies look like when they are Bluish hands and feet- Acro- born, specifically their color tone. cyanosis 87. Why do babies have bluish hands and It happens because blood and oxy- feet? gen are circulating to the most im- portant parts of the body, such as the brain, lungs, and kidneys rather than to the hands and feet. This is normal! Remember: New babies need to be stimulate (ex. drying them off, warming them up) 88. What are four factors regarding vulner- - Peer pressure (ex. body image, able adolescents? trying to fit in) - Bullying in person or via social media - Sex trafficking (increase in inci- dence of UTIs and STDs) - Suicidal ideation (plans to harm oneself with a plan) 89. What is the normal urine output for a 2 mL/kg/hour newborn and infant up to 1 year? 90. What is the normal urine output for a 1.5 mL/kg/hour toddler? 13 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 91. What is the normal urine output for a 1 mL/kg/hour during adolescence older child? 92. What is the normal urine output for an 0.5 mL/kg/hour adult? 93. How do we calculate urine output in a Volume divided by time divided by child? kilograms. 94. What is iron deficiency anemia? Iron deficiency anemia is the most common microcytic anemia char- acterized by small, pale RBCs and depleted iron stores, with subse- quent decrease in bone marrow erythropoiesis. In simple terms, lack of iron 95. Iron deficiency anemia: Caregiver ed- - Use commercial iron-fortified for- ucation may include what four teach- mula; if bottle feeding, iron supple- ings? ments are not needed. - Avoid consumption of cow's milk in infants until age 12 months. - For breastfed infants, provide an iron supplement if the infant does not consume sufficient iron-rich foods - Teach parents to add iron-rich foods to the child's diet 96. Regarding the sexual activity of an - A 15-year-old discusses having adolescent, what example(s) should multiple partners, and utilize con- we be worried about? doms - Not worried about sexual trans- mitted diseases due to not having intercourse Important: Listen to the concerns of the adolescent 14 / 15  NUR 336: Exam 1 Review (STUDY GUIDE) Study online at https://quizlet.com/_efq0qk 97. Regarding substance abuse in adoles- Smoking cent, what do children typically exper- iment with first? Remember: Educate the client of risk (ex. smoking with birth control- increases risks for blood clots) 98. What is the Babinski sign/reflex? Occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. The big toe then moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot. The other toes fan out. Remember: This reflex is normal in children up to 2 years old. It disap- pears as the child gets older. 15 / 15