Unit V: Socio-economic and Political Issues in the Philippines PDF

UNIT V. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES IN THE PHILIPPINES ============================================================== There were two continuous wars against Spain before the development of the On February 23, 1935, the draft of the Constitution was endorsed by the **1987 Constitution** P...

UNIT V. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES IN THE PHILIPPINES ============================================================== There were two continuous wars against Spain before the development of the On February 23, 1935, the draft of the Constitution was endorsed by the **1987 Constitution** Parts of the legislature under the new Constitution: Executive branch is going by the 1. The Civil Service Commission is the agency in charge of the government personnel; 2. The Commission on Elections is in charge of election laws and regulations; and 3. The Commission on Audit is mandated to examine the funds, transactions, and property accounts of the government and its agencies. UNIT VI. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ISSUES IN THE PHILIPPINES =============================================================== UNIT VII. FILIPINO CULTURAL HERITAGE ==================================== - Cultural Heritage, according to Republic Act 10066, or the National Cultural Heritage Act Of 2009, referred to \"the totality of cultural property preserved and developed through time and passed on to posterity.\" - The World Heritage Commission explains that \"heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations.\" - Cultural heritage protects our sense of who we really are. - It gives us an undeniable association to the past -- to certain social values, convictions, traditions and conventions that permit us to recognize ourselves with others and develop our sense of solidarity, having a place and national pride. 1. Tangible Heritage - Environment (natural landscapes and coastal and inland water sources) - Flora and fauna - Man-made structures 2. Intangible Heritage - Culture (traditions, customs, values, trades, and skills).  - According to Republic Act 10066 Article 1, Policies and Principles, Sec. 2 of the National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 declares that the State shall foster the preservation, enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino culture based on the principle and unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual expression. - According to the Heritage Conservation Society, \"conservation\" entails \"all the processes and measures of maintaining the cultural significance of a cultural property, including, but not limited to, preservation, reconstruction, protection, adaptation, or any combination thereof.\" - Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park lies near the Saint Paul Mountain Range, 81 kilometers from the heart of Puerto Princesa City, but is still within the boundaries of the city. - The Park is a wide known natural wonder. - Its geological features are extraordinary, and the Subterranean River is said to be among the longest in the world measuring up to 8.2 kilometers. 2\. **Banaue Rice Terraces --- Ifugao Province, Cordillera**  - High within the farther ranges of the Philippine Cordillera mountain range, researchers accept, slants have been terraced and planted with rice as distant back as 2,000 a long time. - Mountains terraced into paddies that were still existing in changing states of conservation are spread over most of the 20,000 square-kilometer arrive that\'s within the Northern Luzon areas of Kalinga-Apayao, Abra, Benguet and Ifugao. - The far-fetched location is found at elevations shifting from 700 to 1,500 meters over the ocean level, where porches are cut into mountain inclines with forms that rise steeply. 3\. **Historic City of Vigan, Ilocos Sur** - During the height of the Spanish colonial era in the 18th and 19th centuries, Vigan or Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan was the third most important city after Manila and Cebu. - It was the main point of Spanish colonial power in the northern Luzon. The range of structures along the plazas and streets narrates the story of the town. - The town is a testament to the Spanish colonialization, a place that exerts a strong cultural influence on the modern Philippine nation. 4\. **Baroque Churches of The Philippines**  - Four Baroque churches in the country were built during the Spanish period and all of them were inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list. - These baroque churches are all named as national treasures for their historical and cultural significance. - The four Baroque churches included in this list are Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte, Santa Maria Church in Ilocos Sur, San Agustin Church in Manila, and Miagao Church in Iloilo. 5\. **Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park** - The Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park lies at the heart of the Sulu Sea, which is located near Palawan. - This natural park is a protected part of the Philippines -all 97,030 hectares of it. These islands belong to the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park are uninhabited. - It also a home for nesting sites for marine turtles and various species of birds. Meanwhile, it is best known for its pristine coral reef system. 6\. **Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary** - Located in the Eastern Mindanao Biodiversity Corridor, the Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary was enlisted into the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 2014 (the latest among the sites on this list) for its natural importance. - It is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna species. - There are also several endangered and endemic species found within the sanctuary. UNIT VIII. FILIPINO-AMERICAN RELATIONS ====================================== - The US colonization of the Philippines was couched in President William McKinley's \"benevolent assimilation,\" which meant that the US domination was all for civilizing the Filipinos. - The mission was considered "the white man\'s burden.\" According to President Mckinley, is substituting the mild sway of justice and right for arbitrary rule. In the fulfillment of this high mission, supporting the temperate administration of affairs for the greatest good of the governed, there must be sedulously maintained the strong arm of authority, to repress disturbance and to overcome all obstacles to the bestowal of the blessings of good and stable government upon the people of the Philippine Islands under the free flag of the United States. - The first 600 American teachers, called the *Thomasites*, would teach young Filipinos the English language and, with it, the American culture.  - The Balangiga Massacre in 1901 turned a town in Samar into a "howling wilderness.\" US General Jacob H. Smith ordered the killing of everyone over the age of 10. - The US liberation of Manila during World War II left the city in ruins, as the USAFFE dropped bombs after bombs to expel the Japanese forces. A year later, in 1946, the Philippines was granted its independence. - In 1947, an agreement was made to give the United States a 99-year lease for the continued operation of its military bases in the Philippines. - The Mutual Defense Treaty was a treaty made in 1951, indicating support for each other in case the United States or the Philippines was attacked by an external party. - The US military bases in the Far East were strategic locations for the Cold War that ensued right after World War II. The Philippines became its strongest ally in fighting the threat of Communism or anything that resembled it. - On Philippine soil, the United States sponsored the presidency of Ramon Magsaysay to quell the peasant-formed Huk Rebellion (Karnow,1989, pp. 346---47). - Aiding the Philippine government, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) deployed psychological warfare in which the Huk rebels were made to believe that an aswang was hunting them (Derain, 2017). - For a time, Filipino-American relations mainly focus on economic and commercial ties, including Fidel Ramos\'s declaration, in 1996, Of 4 July as the PhilippineAmerican Friendship Day. - Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) is a new agreement between the two countries to resume their bilateral military exercises and enhance defense cooperation. - The US conducted ship visits to Philippine ports and combined military exercises with the Philippine military. - VFA remains in place until both parties agree to terminate it. The Visiting Forces Agreement, however, was implemented in 1999, under Joseph Estrada\'s presidency. - In 2002, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo expressed support for the US war on terror and hosted the first Balikatan Exercises, a yearly joint exercise Of the Philippine and US army. Extending its war on terror in the Philippines, the US sent its troops to Basilan and Zamboanga to hunt the Abu Sayaff group. - The Treaty of Paris, signed on 10 December 1898, transferred ownership of the Philippines from Spain to the United States at the cost of 20 million dollars. - Jones Law, or the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, stipulated independence of the Philippines as soon as a stable government was established. It declared the purpose of the United States to end its sovereignty over the country. - Tydings-Mcduffie Act, or the Philippine Independence Act, defined the establishment of a formal Philippine constitution by a constitutional convention. - Through the 1935 Constitution, the Philippines, from 1935 to 1946, adopted a Commonwealth government, which served as a transitional administration that would prepare the country for its independence. - On 4 July 1946, the United States granted the Philippines its independence, but on certain conditions.