2024-25 AP Psychology Unit D Exam PDF

AP PSYCHOLOGY Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam 1. Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This i...

AP PSYCHOLOGY Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam 1. Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj’s having developed which of the following for door opening? (A) Accommodation (B) Object permanence (C) A mental set (D) Divergent thinking 2. Chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is an example of (A) iconic memory (B) procedural memory (C) semantic memory (D) episodic memory 3. Darnayia has been seeing a lot of social media ads about an exciting new sports simulation game. While several of her friends say that the game is their ideal example of a video game, others who have played the game complain that it was too expensive and not as fun as they expected. Darnayia buys the game. When her mother asks her why she chose that game, Darnayia only mentions the advice she heard about the game was the best one they’ve ever played. Which of the following cognitive processes explains why Darnayia can justify her purchase of the expensive game and ignore her concerns over the cost? (A) Mental set (B) Schemas (C) Priming (D) Confirmation bias 4. Maeve wants to change her college major but has decided not to because she is close to finishing. She believes that the time she has spent in her current program will be wasted if she changes now. Maeve is experiencing (A) hindsight bias (B) availability bias (C) the sunk-cost fallacy (D) the self-serving bias 5. Denny does not have wrapping paper to use to wrap a birthday present, and so he decides to use colorful newspaper comics instead. Denny’s solution demonstrates that he has overcome (A) functional fixedness (B) the fundamental attribution error (C) cognitive dissonance (D) egocentrism 6. Creativity is most closely associated with which of the following? AP Psychology Page 1 of 12  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam (A) Convergent thinking (B) Divergent thinking (C) Interpersonal intelligence (D) Intrapersonal intelligence 7. Jim has seen reports of a number of cases of Ebola on the news. He is more afraid of contracting Ebola than tuberculosis, even though the risk of infection of tuberculosis is greater than that of Ebola. Jim’s fear would most likely be attributed to (A) the representative heuristic (B) the availability heuristic (C) an illusory correlation (D) functional fixedness 8. There are four aces in a 52-card deck of playing cards. Prior to drawing a card from the deck, Mary Alice estimates the chance that she will draw an ace and win a prize. Over a series of trials, she did not draw an ace, so she replaced the card she had drawn, shuffled the deck, and drew a card. The graph above shows her estimates of how likely it was that she would draw an ace on the next trial. The pattern of Mary Alice’s thinking reflects what psychological phenomenon? (A) Mental set (B) Flynn effect (C) Availability heuristic (D) Gambler’s fallacy Page 2 of 12 AP Psychology  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam 9. Heidi was trying to solve the anagram TORYS by rearranging every letter one at a time until she was able to identify the correct word: STORY. She could have attempted to solve the anagram more quickly by pairing common letters, like ST, but she did not do so. Her approach to solving the anagram involved which of the following? (A) Heuristic (B) Algorithm (C) Schema assimilation (D) Convergent thinking 10. Hillary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use? (A) Iconic (B) Declarative (C) Implicit (D) Echoic 11. While he is at soccer practice, Erwin reminds himself that he has to stop at the grocery store on the way home to pick up milk and cereal for tomorrow’s breakfast. What sort of memory is Erwin using? (A) Prospective (B) Flashbulb (C) Procedural (D) Semantic 12. Which of the following scenarios is best explained by long-term potentiation? Erik and Harry don’t like each other when they are first assigned to the same a room during a class trip, but (A) after spending a great deal of time together, they begin to like each other more. When Sruthi first enters a dark room after coming in from outside, she can’t see anything, but her eyes adjust (B) after a few minutes. At first, Benjamin needs to drink only a small amount of a caffeinated beverage to feel its effects, but after (C) drinking it regularly for a while, he needs more to feel the same effects. The first time Colleen tries to remember Leo’s name it takes her a long time, but over time she remembers it (D) more quickly. 13. A man sustains a head injury. After the injury, he is able to tie his shoes, but he does not recall where he lives. Which aspect of the man’s memory is intact and which aspect is dysfunctional, respectively? (A) Procedural and semantic (B) Procedural and sensory (C) Episodic and procedural (D) Episodic and semantic AP Psychology Page 3 of 12  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam 14. Josie was given a password by her teacher. To remember the password, she repeated it in her mind multiple times until she typed it into her login screen a few moments later. Which of the following concepts was at work? (A) Divergent thinking (B) Iconic memory (C) Phonological loop (D) Visuospatial sketchpad 15. When Sophie reads her history assignments, she goes over them very carefully and tries to memorize each fact. Emma, on the other hand, studies by trying to relate the new information to things she has experienced, been told about by others, or seen in movies and on television. Emma’s performance on history tests will probably be better than Sophie’s due to differences in which of the following? (A) selective attention (B) levels of processing (C) iconic memory (D) chunking 16. Matt finds that when he is doing chores around his home, he can listen to an audiobook and still remember what the story was about. However, when his friends texts him about their plans for the weekend, he realizes that he has to rewind his audiobook because he forgot was the story was about. Which of the following accurately describes the level of processing Matt experiencing for doing chores around his home? (A) Automatic (B) Top-down (C) Bottom-up (D) Opponent 17. Robyn finds a computer repair service online. She silently repeats the phone number in her mind until she locates her phone to call the repair service. Which memory system is most useful for Robyn in this scenario? (A) Superior autobiographical memory (B) Working memory (C) Sensory memory (D) Long-term memory 18. Jalil goes to a party where he meets several new people. When he tells his brother about it the next day, he can only remember the names of the last 3 people that he met. Which of the following memory concepts best describes Jalil's memory for the names of the people at the party? (A) Primacy effect (B) Recency effect (C) Spacing effect (D) Law of effect Page 4 of 12 AP Psychology  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam 19. Based on the data, what is the most appropriate conclusion? Distributed practice is more effective at enhancing longer-term retention of material relative to massed (A) practice. (B) Distributed practice is more effective than massed practice for short-term memory. (C) Massed practice is more effective than distributed practice is for enhancing sensory memory. (D) Massed practice is more effective for longer-term retention than distributed practice is. 20. Uma is able to remember a list of items she must buy by creating visual images of the items in various spots in her dorm room. The technique Uma is using is called (A) the method of loci (B) the peg-word method (C) eidetic imagery (D) chunking AP Psychology Page 5 of 12  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam 21. The graph illustrates which of the following psychological concepts? (A) Spacing effect (B) Misinformation effect (C) Serial position effect (D) Constructive memory 22. After having a stroke resulting from a blockage of blood to the medial temporal lobe, Gerald could not remember new information, such as the books he had just read, new songs he had just heard, or the faces of new people he had just met. Gerald was experiencing (A) dissociative fugue (B) dissociative amnesia (C) retrograde amnesia (D) anterograde amnesia 23. Although she has not sustained any injuries, Riley cannot remember anything before the age of three. She is most likely experiencing (A) retrograde amnesia (B) anterograde amnesia (C) infantile amnesia (D) proactive interference 24. A teacher asks Yvonne to go to another classroom to get a student whom Yvonne has never met. As she walks, she repeats the student’s name to herself over and over to help her remember. Yvonne is boosting her memory by using which of the following memory concepts? (A) elaborative rehearsal (B) distributed learning (C) maintenance rehearsal (D) a mnemonic device 25. Which of the following is the best operational definition of superior autobiographical memory? Page 6 of 12 AP Psychology  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam (A) The ability to encode and retain information for later retrieval. (B) Recalling information about life events with over 90% accuracy. A memory that allows the relatively permanent retention of information without limits regarding how much (C) information can be stored. (D) A type of memory that relates to accumulated knowledge about the world. 26. Short-term memory is best described in which of the following ways? (A) memory of how to perform an activity, such as riding a bike (B) memory of facts and general knowledge (C) memory that can hold only a small amount of information (D) memory of specific events 27. Mean Median Range Students who took the exam in the large lecture hall 88% 90 65-99 Students who took the exam in the smaller classroom 70% 79 58-90 Students in Dr. Milne’s Introduction to Psychology class met three times a week in a large, windowless lecture hall. Students had the option of taking their final comprehensive exam in the same lecture hall, or in smaller classroom on the other side of campus. The results from the final exam are depicted in the table. Which of the following memory processes could help explain the differences between these two groups? (A) Mood-congruent memory (B) Context-dependent memory (C) Misinformation effect (D) Source amnesia 28. Arizona Geography Map Scores (out of 10) With a Word Bank Without a Word Bank 8 4 9 6 10 5 9 6 8 3 Ten students were expected to learn about the geography of the major rivers, mountains, and cities of the US state of Arizona. Half of the students were given an unlabeled map and expected to fill in the information they learned from memory. The other half was given the same unlabeled map but had a word bank of terms to choose from. The students’ scores are represented in the table. What conclusion can you make based on the data? AP Psychology Page 7 of 12  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam (A) Recall is easier than recognition. (B) Memory of visual information is more difficult than verbal information. (C) Memory of verbal information is more difficult than memory of visual information. (D) Recognition is easier than recall. 29. The graph is an illustration of which of the following? (A) The testing effect (B) Metacognition (C) Interleaved practice (D) Weber’s law 30. A teacher has to learn 170 new student names every year and finds it difficult to remember the names of former students. The teacher’s memory problem most likely results from (A) proactive interference (B) retroactive interference (C) retroactive amnesia (D) anterograde amnesia 31. During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb’s attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to (A) retroactive interference (B) proactive interference (C) encoding failure (D) retrieval failure 32. Which of the following best illustrates the forgetting curve? Page 8 of 12 AP Psychology  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam Laurence studied for his first Spanish test by sitting down and cramming for two hours, and he studied for his (A) second Spanish test by spacing out his studying for 30 minutes over the course of a week. He did better on the second test than the first. Erik studied Italian in college. After he graduated, he went backpacking in Europe, where he realized he had (B) forgotten a lot of Italian. Years later, he went on another trip to Italy and was surprised to discover that he remembered about the same amount of Italian as during his first trip. When Ruth first moves to a new country, she keeps trying to use customs from her old country. Over time, (C) she adjusts to her new country’s ways. (D) Beatriz tells a story that she heard from a friend, but she cannot remember who told her the story. 33. Joe’s best friend Liz says, “I heard the best joke from my sister” and then proceeds to tell Joe the joke that he had told her last week. Liz is most likely experiencing (A) retrieval failure (B) retrograde amnesia (C) encoding failure (D) source amnesia 34. In studies of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was which of the following? (A) Number of pictures the students were shown of the accident (B) Length of time the students viewed pictures of the accident (C) Wording of questions the students were asked about the accident (D) Location of the accident 35. Which of the following is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue effect? Marcus used to use words he knew were bad because his parents would pay attention to him whenever he (A) did. When his parents learned to stop giving him attention in response to the bad words, he stopped using them for a few months. A few months later, though, he suddenly started using the bad words again. Emma is telling her friend what she did over summer vacation when she discovers she cannot think of a (B) specific word that she would like to say. She stops telling the story, because she has the distinct feeling that she is about to be able to think of the word if she waits just a moment. After listening to a long list of words, Peter remembers the words that occurred near the end of the list more (C) than the ones he heard earlier in the list. When watching a video of a mouth saying the word “bag” while the word “gag” is played over speakers, (D) Charlotte hears a word that sounds somewhere between the two words. 36. A devoted young father reads a news report that claims many people believe men are not as intelligent in how to properly care for their children. The young father has plans to care for his child that day. Which of the following can be predicted about his performance as a caretaker based on the concept of stereotype threat? AP Psychology Page 9 of 12  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam (A) The father will ignore the news reports because they do not apply to him. (B) The father will experience increased resentment toward childcare. (C) The father will experience increased anxiety and make mistakes as a caretaker. (D) The father will develop an insecure attachment with his child. 37. A test that measures a student’s potential ability is (A) an achievement test (B) an aptitude test (C) an intelligence test (D) a personality inventory 38. Ms. Ritter is a high school math teacher. She believes that some people are born good at math and others are not. At the beginning of the new school term, she was informed that her incoming class had poor performance on prior standardized tests. Which of the following is a likely outcome for Ms. Ritter and the upcoming school year? (A) Ms. Ritter will foster a growth mindset in her class and challenge her students to do better. Ms. Ritter will likely see her students’ poor test results during the school year as confirmation of her beliefs (B) that math abilities are fixed. (C) Ms. Ritter will Identify each student’s needs to maximize their individual potential. (D) Ms. Ritter will blame herself after a poor performance on an exam. 39. Ms. Reagan, who is a teacher, agrees more with theories of multiple intelligences than theories about g. Which of the following scenarios would she most agree with? Ms. Reagan's student Shuri is excellent at math, so she concludes that Shuri must also have high verbal (A) ability. Ms. Reagan thinks that her students exhibit more than one type of intelligence. For example, she notices her (B) student Noel plays well with others as well as alone. (C) Ms. Reagan thinks that her students exhibit special types of intelligence. Ms. Reagan observes that her student Lenny demonstrates his ability in all subject areas, so she concludes (D) that Lenny must be the most intelligent person in her class. Page 10 of 12 AP Psychology  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam 40. INTELLIGENCE TEST SCORES BASED ON 1990 STANDARDS The data shown in the above graph depict which of the following? (A) Fluid intelligence (B) The improving validity of intelligence tests (C) The Flynn effect (D) The increased use of culture-fair tests 41. A psychologist has just developed a new test that he hopes will be a good measure of intelligence. The psychologist got fellow content experts to look at the questions to confirm that they are the types of puzzles and problems that would provide an intellectual challenge and give insight into someone’s intellectual abilities. Unfortunately, when he distributes the test to a classroom of college students, it does not appear to perform similarly to existing measures of intelligence. The test does not predict student GPAs and in fact is better at predicting performance on a measure of anxiety than intelligence. Which of the following characteristics does the new intelligence test possess? (A) Split-half reliability, because the odd items had the same rates of accuracy as the even items. (B) Test-retest reliability, because the students performed the same each time they took the test. Construct validity, because the psychologist has demonstrated that the test measures what it is intended to (C) measure. (D) Predictive validity, because the test predicts future academic performance. 42. Intelligence tests have been used throughout history to purposefully discriminate against groups of people. Claims that minority groups have lower IQ scores because of genetic factors fail to consider which of the following? (A) IQ tests are not valid measures of intelligence. (B) IQ test scores are dependent on social factors such as educational opportunity and poverty. (C) IQ tests only measure verbal skills, which might impact some groups due to language barriers. (D) IQ tests are unreliable measures of intelligence. AP Psychology Page 11 of 12  Test Booklet 2024-25 Unit D Exam 43. The Psychology Aptitude Test (PAT) was administered to incoming college psychology majors. Their scores were later compared to their performance in the introductory psychology course, and high scores on the PAT were related to high grades in the course. Therefore, the PAT has (A) adequate standardization (B) internal consistency (C) predictive validity (D) content validity 44. Malik completed a personality test in January, again in May, and once more in September. His three scores were very similar to one another. This similarity suggests that the test has (A) test-retest reliability (B) content validity (C) construct validity (D) criterion-related validity 45. Research on stereotype threat indicates that students might not do as well as they can on a test if (A) they are informed that people of their ethnicity, age, or gender usually do not perform well on the tests (B) they are forced to take a test that is known to have low test-retest reliability (C) other students perceive them to be of a minority ethnic group (D) the test does not have standardized administration or scoring procedures Page 12 of 12 AP Psychology