Unit A Biological Diversity Section 1.0-1.3 PDF

Unit A Biological Diversity Section 1.0 – Biological Diversity is reflected in the variety of life Earth Section 2.0 – As species reproduce, characteristics are passed from parents to offspring Section 3.0 – DNA is the inherited material responsible for variation Section 4.0 – Human activity affects...

Unit A Biological Diversity Section 1.0 – Biological Diversity is reflected in the variety of life Earth Section 2.0 – As species reproduce, characteristics are passed from parents to offspring Section 3.0 – DNA is the inherited material responsible for variation Section 4.0 – Human activity affects biological diversity Section 1.0 – 1.1 Examining Diversity ✔ Our planet has so many forms of life ✔ Approximately 1.5 million species of animals and 350 000 species of plants Species: Is a group of organisms that have the same structure and can reproduce with one another Fact: there are between 30 – 100 million kinds of organisms existing today All living things share certain characteristics: 1. Made up of cells 2. Need Energy 3. Grow and Develop 4. Reproduce 5. Have adaptations (suited for the environment they live) Understanding Biological Diversity Definition : Refers to all the different types of organism on Earth Because the Earth is so large we are unable to look at the entire Earth’s Biological Diversity, therefore we must look at it in smaller groupings Ecosystem: living (biotic) things and how they interact with other living things and non-living (abiotic) things in a shared environment Looking at an Ecosystem causes scientists to look at how species differ between varying environments Population: A group of individuals of the same species living in an area (Example: all bullfrogs living in the same pond ) Community: A group of populations of different species living in the same area (Example: Looking at plant life, birds, and the bullfrog all living in the pond )  Looking at an Ecosystems smaller group sizes causes scientists to look at how species differ due to other species living in the same environment Species Distribution - Species are not evenly distributed around the planet. More diversity in species occurs near the Equator rather than the North or South poles Classifying Biological Diversity Carolus Linnaeus: developed a naming system for organisms and for classifying them (to distinguish them from similar looking species) How??? Two word names , first indicating the Genus (which the organism belongs) and second the species (taxonomic group whose members can reproduce) Example: Canis rufus (red wolf), Canis lupus (imber wolf), Canis familiaris (dog) - Closely related species can have the same genus name but not the same species name  - Linnaeus arranged species into groups (based on their physical structure) Scientist use a 5 Kingdom classification system: 1. Animalia (animals) 2. Plantae (plants) 3. Fungi (yeast) 4. Protista (single-celled organisms) 5. Monera (bacteria) ✔ These are the groups in which organisms can be classified in based on their physical structure not their habitat Classification System (page 13 – Figure 1.7 ) Kingdom Phyla Subphyla Classes Orders Genera Species  Section 1.2 - Interdependence ▪ Each and every species depends on many other species within an environment in order to survive and prosper. ▪ Food chains and Food webs represent different types of ongoing relationships between and among all the organisms, within a particular environment. SYMBIOSIS Definition: “Sym” (together) and “Bios” (life), this is an association/interaction between members of different species 3 Types of Symbiosis 1. Commensalism 2. Mutualism 3. Parasitism 1. Commensalism Definition: of the organisms in contact one organisms benefits while the other does not benefit nor gain anything Example: Barnacles attaching themselves to Whales Why?? - The barnacles benefit by being moved to other areas while the whale does not benefit nor is harmed from the barnacles being there. 2. Mutualism Definition: “mutual” benefits both organisms Example: Acacia Tree and Ants Why?? - The tree gives the ants food and a home while the ants protect the tree from other animals as well as they eat through vines which attach themselves to the tree 3. Parasitism Definition: one organisms benefits and other is harmed Example: tapeworm in the intestinal wall of a human Why?? - The tapeworm absorbs the nutrients the human takes in and tries to digest therefore leaving little food for the human  Niches Definition: role of an organism within the ecosystem - What it eats and What eats it - Where it lives - Nesting site/range - Its effect on the populations around it or its environment Interspecies Competition - Interaction between different species which neither species benefits because they are competing for the same resource Result: competition for food means less of it therefore species have access to smaller amounts which then leads to more death (starvation) Resource Partitioning: divided up the resources due to different behavioral adaptations Intraspecies Competition: interaction between same species competing for the same resources Homework: 1. pg. 15 Check & Reflect Q’s 1-7 2. pg. 19 Check & Reflect Q’s 1, 2  Section 1.3 – Variation Within Species ✔ An Ecosystem can only run smoothly if the communities and species within that ecosystem interact. ✔ Different Ecosystems have huge genetic diversity among the species that inhabits it. ✔ Within each population there is massive variation Variability vs. Survival - Having variability within a species is IMPORTANT, because if the environment were to change the species having great variability has the chance for survivors. - Environmental changes could be: climatic, a new predator, new disease, a toxic substance introduced, elimination of resources (food)  Natural Selection Definition: environment “selects” which individuals will survive long enough to reproduce Darwin's Darwin's illustrations of beak Darwin's illustrations of beak variation in the finches Darwin's illustrations of beak variation in the finches of the Galápagos Islands Darwin's illustrations of beak variation in the finches of the Galápagos Islands, which hold 13 closely related species that differ most markedly in the shape of their beaks. The beak of each species is suited to its preferred food, suggesting that beak shapes evolved by natural selection. Homework: 1. pg. 24 Check & Reflect Q’s 1, 2, and 4 2. pg. 25 Assess Your Learning Q’s 1-8 ALL