Freedom Of Human Person PDF

Unit 5: FREEDOM OF HUMAN PERSON 1  Unit 5: FREEDOM OF HUMAN PERSON 2 Lesson 1: The Will: Its Existence, Nature and Object 4 The Existence of Will 1. Every act of real self-control is an implicit manifestation of the will. 2. An object which is repul...

Unit 5: FREEDOM OF HUMAN PERSON 1  Unit 5: FREEDOM OF HUMAN PERSON 2 Lesson 1: The Will: Its Existence, Nature and Object 4 The Existence of Will 1. Every act of real self-control is an implicit manifestation of the will. 2. An object which is repulsive to our body and sense tendencies. 3. The phenomenon of voluntary attention. 5 “ Quotations are commonly printed as a means of inspiration and to invoke philosophical thoughts from the reader. 6 Every act of real self- control is an implicit manifestation of the will. EXAMPLE: Animals have a self control “meat on the table” and “hunger and Fear” 7 An object which is repulsive to our body and sense tendencies. ▪ When we swallow medicine, or submit to a painful operation or tooth extraction. ▪ In all theses cases we are not attracted by a material, sensible good but some good presented by our intellect. 8 9 The phenomenon of voluntary attention. ▪ Voluntary Attention – distinct from spontaneous attention. - We concentrate our senses and our mind on some object which does not spontaneously interest us. ▪ Spontaneous Attention – present in animals. - the concentration of the senses and of the mind on some object which appeals to one of the lower drives. 10 Human Freedom ▪ The will is an intellectual tendency, or a tendency towards an intellectually known good. ▪ Human persons are a natural part of the natural world, and so are under whatever laws govern the rest of the natural world. ▪ Nevertheless, human persons are free in a way that other beings are not. 11 12 Unit 5: THE FREEDOM OF HUMAN PERSON LESSON 2: Human Acts and Voluntariness Human Acts and Acts of Man 14  Human Acts Characterized as the free and voluntary acts of man; acts done with knowledge Acts that man indeliberately or without advertence Man act of sensation (use of senses) Acts of appetition (bodily tendencies) - Acts done in delirium, in sleep 15  Examples of Human Act Decision making on Doing things with material things like reason like putting choosing what makeup to impress. perfume to wear. 16  Voluntariness Knowledge Freedom Elements of Human Acts 17  Modifiers of Human Acts If one of these are present, then it is considered as “Acts of Man”: Ignorance Passion Fear Violence Habits 18 Ignorance - lack or absence of knowledge in a person capable of knowing a certain thing of things. A. Invincible Ignorance- cannot be dispel by ordinary diligence. It is impossible for an individual to remove his ignorance if he is has no way of suspecting that he is ignorant. Ex: A waiter who is not aware of the poison on the food that he serves. B. Vincible Ignorance- It can and should be dispelled. Ex: A manila resident who violates traffic laws due to his ignorance of such laws is still responsible. 19 Fear – a mental agitation of disturbance brought about by the apprehension of some present or imminent danger. A. Grave Fear- aroused by the presence of a serious danger, (death/los of leg/ loss of love ones) B. Slight Fear- aroused by a danger that is not serious 20 Concupiscence/ Passion- a movement of the sensitive appetite which is produced by good or evil as apprehended by the mind. Movements of passions are usually called the feelings A. Antecedent arises spontaneously before the will controls the situation - Sudden feelings of joy, hatred, grief or anger. B. Consequent deliberately aroused by the will to ensure a more prompt and willing operation. - Continuously brooding over an insult , attacks the enemy and kills him 21  Violence – an external force applied by someone on another in order to compel him to perform an action against his will. Habits- are inclination to perform some particular action acquired by repetition and characterized by a decrease power of resistance and an increase facility of performance. 22  Essential Qualities Done without Without consent knowledge Involuntary 23  Acts of Man ▪ Acts of man can become human acts when one employs intellect and will in performing the act ▪ Therefore, Acts of Man + Intellect + Will = Human Act 24 EXERCISE: Human Act or Act Looking of Man? Seeing Dreaming Day Dreaming Hearing Listening Walking Sleepwalking 25 Which action is subjected to morality? Human Acts of Act? Man? 26 Unit 5: THE FREEDOM OF HUMAN PERSON LESSON 3: Actions have Consequence  Actions Consequences things done the result or effect of process of doing an action or condition something done. typically to achieve the outcome of the an aim actions made. 28 Guidelines in Making Decisions 1. Determine your goals. 2. Determine its value. 3. Arrange and examine the options available to reach it 4. Determine the likehood of each option meeting your goal 5. Choose the option with the highest likehood of meeting it 6. Use the outcome of this experience 29 Unit 5: THE FREEDOM OF HUMAN PERSON LESSON 4: Freedom of the Will Freedom ▪ It is the absence of resistant. There are different kinds of resistant and freedom. - Physical Freedom is the absence of physical restraint. Ex. Prisoner - Moral Freedom is the absence of moral restraint, an obligation and law. 31 Freedom - Psychological Freedom is the absence of psychological restraint. Ex: hungry, untrained dog and a soldier ▪ Psychological Freedom is also called Freedom of choice. o Freedom of Exercise – you can choose to act or not act. o Freedom of Specification – can act in this 32 way or that way. Argument from Common Consent ▪ The great majority of men believe that their will is free. ▪ The judgement of common sense is that there is freedom of will. That man on the street is sure that he is free and his neighbour is free. 33 The Psychological Argument ▪ We have said that most people naturally hold that the will is free. ▪ They are directly aware and indirectly aware of their freedom in the very act of making a free decision. 34 The Psychological Argument ▪Directly Awareness of the Freedom of our Decisions - We are directly aware of being able to choose freely before the choices is made or after it has been made. ▪Indirect Awareness of the Freedom of our Decisions - Many facts of our daily life, of which we are clearly aware , can be explained only if we are free - We deliberated before taking a decision, we weigh the 35 The Ethical Argument This is a strong argument because the sense of duty and the belief in morality and moral obligation come naturally to man and even those who deny their existence in theory live in practice as if they admitted it. 36 Why are we not FREE? ▪ Many modern philosophers and psychologists who deny the freedom of the will are called “DETERMINISTS” and their system is known as “determinism”. ▪ Determinism is the philosophical concept that every event, including human cognition and behavior, decision and action, is causally determined by an unbroken chain of prior occurrences or by number of forces which 37 Different Forms of Arguments in Determinism ▪ The Argument from Biology - Biological determinism maintains that physiological factors exert a compelling influence in man’s life. - We do what we do because of the kind of body we have inherited from our parents , because we are born in that way. - The biological determinist emphasize especially the 38 role of the endocrine glands and genes in The Argument from Psycho-Social ▪ It emphasize a combination of psychological and social factors as explaining human conduct. ▪ Psychological side , they point the different drives and tendencies which impel individual. ▪ Social side- the continual pressure of the environment – words, customs, fashion, 39 “ Am I Free or Determinist ? 40 FREEDOM ▪ Moral freedom ▪ Physical freedom ▪ Psychological argument ▪ Argument from common consent ▪ Ethical argument ▪ Determinism ▪ Argument of biology ▪ Psycho-social 41