Adrenergic Agonists Lecture Notes PDF

Adrenergic Agonists NUR 210/BSL 101 Unit 4  Function of adrenergic Adrenergic Stimulate sympathetic nervous system Agonists Mimic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine Act on adrenergic receptor si...

Adrenergic Agonists NUR 210/BSL 101 Unit 4  Function of adrenergic Adrenergic Stimulate sympathetic nervous system Agonists Mimic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine Act on adrenergic receptor sites: ◦ Heart, bronchi, GI tract ◦ Urinary bladder, ciliary eye muscles  Function of adrenergics (sympathetic nervous system) Adrenergic Agonists  Effects of Adrenergic Agonists at Alpha 1 Receptors Increases cardiac contractility, vasoconstriction Dilates pupils Relaxes the bladder Contracts the prostate  Beta 1 Increases cardiac contractility, heart rate Increases renin secretion, blood pressure Effects of Adrenergic Beta 2 Agonists at Decreases GI tone and motility Receptors Bronchodilation Increases blood flow in skeletal muscles Relaxes smooth muscles of uterus Activates liver glycogenolysis – increases blood sugar Remember beta 1 – 1 heart so it mainly affects the heart Beta 2 – 2 lungs so it mainly affects the lungs  Epinephrine Adrenergic Nonselective – stimulates alpha 1, beta 1, Agonist - and beta 2 Epinephrine Action Activates the sympathetic nervous system. ◦ Alpha 1 increases the blood pressure ◦ Beta 1 increases the heart rate ◦ Beta 2 promotes bronchodilation Adrenergic Agonist - Uses Epinephrine Anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock Bronchospasms, status asthmaticus Cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest  Side effects/Adverse reactions Adrenergic GI disturbances Agonist - Sweating, headache, insomnia, Epinephrine dizziness, agitation, anxious Hyperglycemia Palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmia Tachycardia Hypertension  Contraindications Adrenergic Tachycardia Agonist - Glaucoma Labor Epinephrine Caution Hypertension Prostatic hypertrophy Diabetes mellitus Adrenergic Interactions Agonist - MAOI’s tricyclic antidepressants – intensify Epinephrine and prolong effect Beta blockers – block effect Digoxin – can increase risk of dysrhythmia Lab – increases blood sugar  Adrenergic Agonist Drugs Assessment Vital signs Assessment Medication/medical history 1 Current symptoms Baseline glucose level  Adrenergic Nursing interventions Monitor blood pressure, heart rate and urine Agonist Drugs output Nursing Monitor IV site for infiltration. Give IV push Interventions slowly (1 mg/minute) unless in cardiac arrest Client on cardiac monitor when giving IV Monitor for side effects/adverse reactions – report hypertension, irregular heart rate, tachycardia Monitor blood glucose in diabetic clients  Teaching Adrenergic The side effects/adverse reactions to report (palpitations) Agonist Drugs Avoid drugs that increase the blood pressure Teaching such as cold medication and diet pills Avoid adrenergics when breastfeeding Nasal sprays should only be used 3-5 days Take medication as prescribed How to use inhaled drugs or drops – return demonstration  Teaching Inform provider if Epipen is used more than twice a week Have Epipen with you at all times Do not refrigerate Epipen but store in cool, Epi-Pen dark place Teaching Use Epipen at first sign of reaction Inspect the contents for particles and do not use if particles are pink or brown Inject subcutaneously in the outer thigh and hold in place for 5-10 seconds After administration massage the injection site Report side effects/adverse reactions  Adrenergic Evaluation Agonist Drugs - Client’s response to medication Evaluation ◦ Improvement in symptoms? 1 ◦ Any side effects/adverse reactions? ◦ Client understands medication and use?