Adrenergic Agonists Overview Unit 4.1

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Questions and Answers

What does an adrenergic agonist stimulate?

  • Parasympathetic nervous system
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Sympathetic nervous system (correct)
  • Central nervous system

What are the two neurotransmitters that adrenergic agonists mimic?

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

What receptor sites do adrenergic agonists act on?

  • Heart, Bronchi, GI tract (correct)
  • Heart, Lungs, Brain
  • Muscles, Bones, Joints
  • Liver, Kidneys, Pancreas

What effect does alpha 1 adrenergic activation have on the heart?

<p>Increases cardiac contractility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does alpha 1 adrenergic activation have on blood vessels?

<p>Vasoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alpha 1 adrenergic activation dilates pupils.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alpha 1 adrenergic activation constricts the bladder.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does beta 1 adrenergic activation have on the heart?

<p>Both B and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beta 1 adrenergic activation decreases renin secretion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does beta 2 adrenergic activation have on the lungs?

<p>Bronchodilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beta 2 adrenergic activation causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beta 2 adrenergic activation relaxes the uterus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adrenergic agonist is nonselective?

<p>Epinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major effects of epinephrine on the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Alpha 1 increases blood pressure, beta 1 increases heart rate, beta 2 promotes bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common medical use for epinephrine?

<p>Treating anaphylaxis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of epinephrine?

<p>Hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a contraindication for epinephrine use?

<p>Tachycardia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common caution for epinephrine use?

<p>Patients with diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drug interaction should be monitored with epinephrine?

<p>MAOIs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT part of an assessment for a patient receiving adrenergic agonist drugs?

<p>Blood alcohol level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a nursing intervention for patients receiving adrenergic agonist drugs?

<p>Administer orally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a teaching point for patients receiving adrenergic agonist drugs?

<p>Administer twice a day (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epipen should be refrigerated.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epipen should be used at the first sign of a reaction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper injection site for Epipen?

<p>Upper thigh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After administering Epipen, the injection site should be massaged.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor to assess when evaluating a patient's response to adrenergic agonist drugs?

<p>Food intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Adrenergic Agonists

Drugs that mimic the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine, stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, and acting on adrenergic receptor sites throughout the body.

Alpha 1 Receptors

Adrenergic receptors that, when stimulated by agonists, increase vasoconstriction, contracts the prostate and relaxes the bladder, and dilate pupils.

Beta 1 Receptors

Adrenergic receptors that, when stimulated by agonists, increase heart rate and contractility, and renin secretion.

Beta 2 Receptors

Adrenergic receptors that, when stimulated by agonists, cause bronchodilation, decreased GI tone and motility, and skeletal muscle blood flow.

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Epinephrine

A nonselective adrenergic agonist that stimulates alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors, affecting heart rate, blood pressure, and bronchodilation.

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Epinephrine Uses

Used in anaphylaxis, bronchospasms, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest, due to its potent sympathetic effects.

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Adrenergic Agonist Side Effects

Potential side effects include GI upset, sweating, headache, anxiety, palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, tachycardia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia.

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Adrenergic Agonist Contraindications

Conditions like tachycardia, glaucoma, and labor require careful consideration and possible exclusion when prescribing adrenergic agonists.

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Adrenergic Agonist Interactions

MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants, beta-blockers, and digoxin can interact with adrenergic agonists, potentially intensifying or reducing their effects.

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Epi-Pen Use

Used for immediate treatment of severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis).

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Study Notes

Adrenergic Agonists

  • Adrenergic agonists stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
  • Mimic the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine
  • Act on adrenergic receptor sites, including the heart, bronchi, GI tract, urinary bladder, and ciliary eye muscles

Function of Adrenergic Receptors (Alpha 1)

  • Increases cardiac contractility and vasoconstriction
  • Dilates pupils
  • Relaxes the bladder
  • Contracts the prostate

Function of Adrenergic Receptors (Beta 1)

  • Increases cardiac contractility and heart rate
  • Increases renin secretion and blood pressure

Function of Adrenergic Receptors (Beta 2)

  • Decreases GI tone and motility
  • Bronchodilation
  • Increases blood flow in skeletal muscles
  • Relaxes smooth muscles of the uterus
  • Activates liver glycogenolysis, increasing blood sugar

Epinephrine - Adrenergic Agonist

  • Nonselective agonist, stimulating alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors
  • Activates the sympathetic nervous system
  • Alpha 1 increases blood pressure
  • Beta 1 increases heart rate
  • Beta 2 promotes bronchodilation

Epinephrine Uses

  • Anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock
  • Bronchospasms, status asthmaticus
  • Cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest

Epinephrine Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

  • GI disturbances
  • Sweating, headache, insomnia, dizziness, agitation, anxiety
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmia
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension

Epinephrine Contraindications

  • Tachycardia
  • Glaucoma
  • Labor

Epinephrine Caution

  • Hypertension
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
  • Diabetes mellitus

Epinephrine Interactions

  • MAOIs and tricyclic antidepressants intensify and prolong the effect
  • Beta blockers block the effect
  • Digoxin increases the risk of dysrhythmia
  • Epinephrine increases blood sugar levels (lab values)

Assessment

  • Vital signs
  • Medication/medical history
  • Current symptoms
  • Baseline glucose level

Nursing Interventions

  • Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output
  • Monitor IV site for infiltration
  • Give IV push slowly (1 mg/minute) unless in cardiac arrest
  • Monitor client on cardiac monitor when giving IV
  • Monitor for side effects (report hypertension, irregular heart rate, tachycardia)
  • Monitor blood glucose in diabetic clients

Teaching

  • Report side effects (palpitations)
  • Avoid drugs that increase blood pressure (e.g., cold medications, diet pills)
  • Avoid adrenergic agonists when breastfeeding
  • Nasal sprays should be used for 3-5 days only
  • Take medication as prescribed
  • Demonstrate use of inhaled medications or drops

Epi-Pen Teaching

  • Inform provider if Epipen is used more than twice a week
  • Keep Epipen with you at all times in a cool, dark place
  • Use Epipen at first sign of reaction
  • Inspect the Epipen contents for pink or brown particles and do not use if found
  • Inject subcutaneously in the outer thigh and hold for 5-10 seconds
  • Massage the injection site after administration
  • Report any side effects

Evaluation

  • Client's response to medication
  • Improvement in symptoms?
  • Any side effects/adverse reactions?
  • Client understanding of medication and proper usage?

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