Unit 3 Test - PDF

Name: ___________________________________ Date: ________________ Unit 3 Test Read the selection and choose the best answer to each question. Below is an informational research article on different attachment styles. Included in this article are quotes, in...

Name: ___________________________________ Date: ________________ Unit 3 Test Read the selection and choose the best answer to each question. Below is an informational research article on different attachment styles. Included in this article are quotes, in-text citations, and endnotes. Teacher Note: The following research article uses MLA formatting. Editing the passage to change the format style (such as to APA) may be necessary if you or your department practices and focuses on a specific formatting style. Attachment Styles 1 How we form attachments (in other words, how we bond and connect with others) is extremely important to our mental health and happiness. As infants, we learn our attachment style from our parents, siblings, or any primary caregivers.1 Then, as we enter our teen years, we begin to form connections with our peers in similar ways to those that we learned as infants. Some attachment styles are healthy; others can be harmful. Since how we connect with our parents has such an impact on the way we connect with others, understanding our attachment styles can help us recognize potential problem areas in relationships. The important thing is to identify your own attachment style, learn to understand how it influences your relationships and find ways to improve it if you discover you have an unhealthy attachment style. 2 Healthy attachment styles have two key characteristics—a feeling of safety with others and a belief in our own abilities to overcome obstacles. In an article that summarizes major research findings on attachment styles, Marlene M. Moretti, Ph.D. and Maya Peled, MA, state, “Parental attunement and appropriate responsiveness give rise to secure attachment, marked by a view of the self as worthy of care and competent in mastering the environment, and a view of others as reliable and effective” (8). In simpler words, those who have a healthy attachment style are able to feel good about themselves, safe in their environment, and trusting of others. 3 While unhealthy attachment styles include many different characteristics, some key behaviors that may be a result of unhealthy attachments with parents include avoidance, aggression, ambivalence, and disorganization or confusion. According to an article published on Family Matters, a parenting blog, negative attachment styles “foster several different behaviors: avoidance (I can’t trust you to help me), aggression (you are not being helpful), ambivalent (you hurt me, I will hurt you), or disorganized (which can be a confused mix of avoidance and aggressiveness)” (Ronit Baras10). The article goes on to detail how overcoming these difficulties is an important step to developing better relationships, not only with one’s parents, but with friends, peers, and eventually, colleagues. 4 If you are unsure of whether your own attachment style is healthy or unhealthy, you could ask yourself the following questions: Do I feel comfortable asking those closest to me (parents, friends) for help? Do I trust myself to make good choices, or do I feel like I need someone else to make my choices for me? Is it difficult for me to tell others how I really feel?2 As you answer these questions, see if you notice any tendency to avoid sharing yourself or to feel aggressive or unsafe. If you believe you may have an unhealthy attachment style, seek help. You are not alone. As many as 40% of American kids today are insecurely attached,3 according to author Garth Sundem (2). There are many good resources to help you learn more that are available online and often through a school counselor or psychologist. page 1 of 9 printed 12/9/24  5 Whether your attachment style is healthy, unhealthy, or somewhere in between, remember that all humans have the capacity to learn about themselves, grow, and improve. Having others to connect with—and connecting and attaching in a healthy way—is important to every, single human. Here’s to discovering how to be your best self! 1 According to an article online, “Babies’ relationships with their parents in the first years of life has a significant impact on their future relationships. The attachment they have to their parents as babies becomes a blueprint of their attitude towards themselves and others later on in life.” Ronit Baras, “Attachment Theory: Secure and Insecure Attachment in Teenages,” https://www.ronitbaras.com/family-matters/parenting-family/secure-and-insecure -attachment-in-teenagers/, (Accessed September 8, 2019). 2 These questions were created based on an online quiz in Psychology Today. Visit this website to learn more: https://psychologytoday.tests.psychtests.com/bin/transfer. 3 “Here’s the kicker: the study finds that a full 40 percent of children are insecurely attached. Twenty-five percent of kids avoid their parents when the kids are upset. And 15 percent ‘learn to resist the parent, because the parent often amplifies their distress or responds unpredictably,’ they write.” Garth Sundem, “Study Shows that 40% of US Kids are Insecurely Attached,” April 2014, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/braintrust/ 201404/study -shows-40-us-kids-are-insecurely-attached, (Accessed September 8, 2019). Works Cited Baras, Ronit. “Attachment Theory: Secure and Insecure Attachment in Teenagers.” Family Matters, https://www.ronitbaras.com/family-matters/parenting-family/secure-and-insecureattachment-in -teenagers/. Accessed 8 Sep. 2019. Moretti, Marlene, and Maya Peled. “Adolescent-parent attachment: Bonds that support healthy development.” National Center for Biotechnology Information, Oct. 2004, pp. 551- 555, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2724162/. Accessed 8 Sep. 2019. Sundem, Garth. “Study Shows that 40% of US Kids are Insecurely Attached.” Psychology Today, April 2014, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/brain-trust/201404/studyshows-40-us-kids-are -insecurely-attached. Accessed the 8 Sep. 2019. 1 Which of the following statements BEST expresses the controlling idea/thesis of this article? A Attachment styles can be healthy or unhealthy, and if we learn we have an unhealthy attachment style, we can seek help to improve. B Attachment styles fall into three categories: healthy, unhealthy, and ambiguous. C Discovering your own attachment style is perhaps the most important thing you can do. D People with healthy attachment styles live longer. 2 The author most likely included footnote 1, in paragraph 1, to — F help the reader learn more about attachment styles G introduce the reader to an interesting fact H offer evidence to support the claim made in the sentence J suggest that the research was incomplete page 2 of 9 printed 12/9/24 3 The author organizes this article primarily by — A presenting facts of attachment in the order that they happened B describing attachment styles and offering a call-to-action C comparing and contrasting different attachment styles D listing ways to improve your attachment style page 3 of 9 printed 12/9/24 Read the selection and choose the best answer to each question. Robert became interested in environmental concerns and found two informational sources for a research paper on alternative energy. The first article (Source 1) on wind power appeared in his newspaper. The second article (Source 2) is one he found on the Internet. Source 1 Texas Goes Green 1 Texans are concerned about global warming, and citizens are hopping on the bandwagon to do what they can to “go green” or conserve energy to help the environment. In 2006, 12,000 companies in Texas bought renewable energy that did not use up precious resources; they bought windpower. By 2018, Texas was leading the nation in adding renewable power sources. Currently, Texas is the largest generator of renewable energy nationwide according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. A major source of renewable energy across the state is wind power. 2 Both corporate and residential customers are choosing to replace carbon-producing energy sources with environmentally-kind wind energy. The number of corporate customers that have opted for wind power has grown 39 times since 2002, while residential customers almost doubled during that same time period. Why the difference? Probably the corporate customers want to be able to advertise that they have “gone green” and support environmentalism. It’s something popular with the public; consequently, going green is sure to help the corporate image of those companies making the change. Residential customers may choose wind power for environmental reasons, as well as personal reasons. 3 Contrary to popular belief, wind power is not cheaper than traditional energy sources. In fact, it’s more expensive. It costs more to build wind turbines than any other type of generator. The cost to run wind energy generators is also more, usually costing about a penny per kilowatt hour more than regular electricity. Even with these additional costs, many companies are still choosing to go green with wind energy. “We know that it’s going to cost more, but we as a company believe that it’s worth it in the long run,” commented one corporate executive. 4 Due to its large area and vast open plains, Texas has more capacity for wind power than any other state. In fact, if Texas were a country, it would rank No. 5 globally in wind power production, including all the other states put together. Wind power is not, however, totally reliable. There is no schedule nor any crystal ball to tell when the wind will stop blowing without warning. In those cases, however, conventional electricity is used as a backup. 5 Two of Texas’s largest cities, Houston and Dallas, both support wind power. The City of Dallas relies on wind power for 40% of its annual energy usage, while Houston uses wind power for 20% of its energy. These two metropolitan areas lead the Environmental Protection Agency’s list of top 10 local governments using renewable power. These and other continuing efforts to increase renewable energy sources has made Texas one of the most talked-about states nationwide when it comes to wind power generation. page 4 of 9 printed 12/9/24  Source 2 Wind Power: Energy of the Future 1 For hundreds of centuries, human beings have used wind as a source of energy. In the past, however, the wind was used mostly to power the sails of ships navigating the seas. Then, the Romans developed windmills to grind grains, and the concept gradually caught on throughout Europe, especially in Holland where windmills were used to power devices to keep seawater out of the low-lying country. American pioneers who settled on the plains often built windmills to pump water, but it was the 20th century before windmills were used to generate electricity. Currently, about 3% of the energy generated in the United States comes from wind power. 2 With spiraling energy costs and a new frenzy of interest in environmental issues, wind power has become an important source of renewable energy. The term “renewable energy” means that the energy source is not used up but continues to be available. Wind turbines have taken the place of the older windmill design. Today’s turbines are usually a three-bladed design atop a large pole hundreds of feet tall. The rotating blades turn gears inside a box, generating electricity which goes down the pole through wires and into the electric grid. 3 The initial cost to build a wind turbine is somewhere around $400,000. The lifespan of a generator is approximately twenty-five years. The demand for the turbines has become so great that, at one point, General Electric was totally sold out of the generators and had a one-year waiting list to get one. 4 Many experts predict that the interest in wind power will continue to grow. With skyrocketing oil prices and a need to feel independent from foreign fuel sources, both business owners and homeowners are looking for alternatives. As a result, wind power was responsible for 30% of the new generating capacity in the U.S. in 2007. 5 The wind turbines are not without controversy, however. Many people consider the large generators to be a monstrosity. They view them as an eyesore that detracts from scenic beauty and blights the landscape. For this reason, most turbines are built in remote areas, often on farm or ranch acres. With a large, advanced-design wind turbine generating about $100,000 worth of electricity per year, even a 3-percent royalty would earn ranchers $3,000 a year from leasing a quarter-acre of ranch land. And they can still run cattle on the land. If a landowner leases land for just seven turbines, that yields roughly $21,000 a year in additional income for the landowner. A decade from now, there may be thousands of ranchers who will be earning more selling electricity than they do selling cattle. 6 Support for wind power is also growing in Congress. The federal government is now offering tax credit for the development of this renewable resource, and turbines are gradually becoming part of the landscape, especially on the Great Plains, nicknamed the "Saudi Arabia of wind." Wind power has become a valuable source of renewable electrical energy today. 4 Use Source 1, "Texas Goes Green" to answer this question. In paragraph 1 of Source 1, the word precious means — F rare G loved H valuable J attractive page 5 of 9 printed 12/9/24 5 Use Source 1, "Texas Goes Green" to answer this question. Because the Latin root corpus means "large collection" or "body”, the reader can tell that the word corporate in paragraph 2 of “Texas Goes Green” refers to — A individual homes B families C government D businesses 6 Use “Texas Goes Green” and “Wind Power: Energy of the Future” to answer the following question. Which of the following statements is true for both passages? F Both passages give possible solutions to environmental problems. G Both passages give specific procedures for "going green" and saving our planet. H Both passages explain the potential effects of solid waste on the environment. J Both passages explain the role of the federal government in solving environmental problems. 7 Use Source 1, "Texas Goes Green" to answer this question. The reader can conclude after reading paragraph 2 of “Texas Goes Green” that — A people are reluctant to spend the money to invest in wind power B corporations spend more money on wind power so the price of their stock will increase C many businesses convert to wind power to appeal to the public as interested in saving our planet D wind power is less expensive than traditional utilities, such as gas and oil 8 Use Source 2, "Wind Power: Energy of the Future" to answer this question. What is paragraph 5 in Source 2 mainly about? F Why wind turbines will never be allowed on farm and ranch land G Why farmers need to find solutions to make more money H How some drawbacks of using wind turbines to generate power can actually benefit farmers J How wind power is a renewable energy source page 6 of 9 printed 12/9/24 9 Use Source 2, "Wind Power: Energy of the Future" to answer this question. Which idea does the author of Source 2 emphasize throughout the selection? A Energy costs keep growing which is making renewable forms of energy more attractive. B There are many reasons wind power will continue to be a popular choice for future energy use. C There are many drawbacks to wind power. D Wind power will never grow without the government’s help. 10 Use "Texas Goes Green" and "Wind Power: Energy of the Future" to answer this question. In reading two sources for his research report, Robert decided to do an outline of the two sources on wind power. Read the outline below based on paragraph 1 of “Wind Power, Energy of the Future.” What answer below best completes the blank for B3? F Windmills caught on in Europe G American pioneers pumped water H Pioneers settled on plains J Spiraling energy costs occurred 11 Use Source 2, "Wind Power: Energy of the Future" to answer this question. Which statement best paraphrases paragraph 1 of “Wind Power, Energy of the Future?” A Ancient people used wind power for various purposes. Today, wind power is being developed as an energy source. B Wind power has always been used. The Romans used it for windmills to grind grain. C Wind power is nothing new. It has a variety of purposes. D In the past, wind power was used to grind grain. It was also used to pump water from low-lying countries, like Holland. page 7 of 9 printed 12/9/24 12 Use Source 1, "Texas Goes Green" to answer this question. Which of these is the best summary of Source 1? F There is growing interest in Texas to use renewable energy. While wind power is renewable, there are drawbacks. However, businesses, citizens, and some of the biggest cities in Texas are relying at least partially on wind power. G Businesses are the most likely to choose wind power because they want to advertise that they are environmentally friendly. Wind power infrastructure can actually be more expensive to construct. Dallas uses more wind energy than Houston. H Wind power and renewable energy is becoming more popular for Texas citizens. Businesses are losing a lot of money on wind power expenses. Only the bigger cities in Texas are using wind power. J People are tired of energy sources that harm the environment. Even though wind power is more expensive, many businesses think that the cost is worth the benefits it provides the environment. Big cities in Texas are leading the charge to convert to more renewable energy sources. 13 Use Source 2, "Wind Power: Energy of the Future" to answer this question. Which of these sentences from Source 2 supports the idea that businesses and citizens will need a cheaper energy source in the future? A The demand for the turbines has become so great that, at one point, General Electric was totally sold out of the generators and had a one-year waiting list to get one. B With skyrocketing oil prices and a need to feel independent from foreign fuel sources, both business owners and homeowners are looking for alternatives. C Many experts predict that the interest in wind power will continue to grow. D As a result, wind power was responsible for 30% of the new generating capacity in the U.S. in 2007. 14 Use Source 1, "Texas Goes Green" to answer this question. The author of Source 1 organizes the selection by — F listing the ways that wind power is a better source of energy than oil G explaining the costs and obstacles of using more wind power H describing the environmental impact of renewable energy J presenting the history of wind power and the reasons for its growing popularity 15 Use Source 2, "Wind Power: Energy of the Future" to answer this question. The author included paragraph 5 in “Wind Power, Energy of the Future” most likely to — A emphasize that wind power is the best source of energy B reveal an argument against wind power and a surprise benefit C explain the national economic impact of wind power D suggest reasons why wind turbines are needed page 8 of 9 printed 12/9/24 16 Use Source 2, "Wind Power: Energy of the Future" to answer this question. The author of Source 2 wrote this selection most likely to — F challenge the idea that wind power is the best source of sustainable energy G inform the reader about the obstacles of using wind power H provide details about the history of wind power in the United States J explain the past, present, and future of wind power 17 Use Source 2, "Wind Power: Energy of the Future" to answer this question. The author of Source 2 includes the information about oil prices to show that — A the oil industry makes a lot of money B many countries rely on a steady supply of oil production C oil and wind power are similar forms of energy D the price of oil may continue to make wind power more attractive to citizens and businesses 18 Extended Constructed Response: Read the articles “Texas Goes Green,” and “Wind Power: Energy of the Future.” Based on the information in the articles, write a response to the following: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of wind power according to both texts. Write a well-organized informational essay that uses specific evidence from both texts to support your answer. Remember to – clearly state your thesis organize your writing develop your ideas in detail use evidence from the selection in your response use correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and grammar Manage your time carefully so that you can – review the selection plan your response write your response revise and edit your response Write your response in the box provided. page 9 of 9 printed 12/9/24