Unit 1 Worksheet PDF

**Differentiate between an endocrine and an exocrine gland.** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are chemical messengers that are transported through the blood to their target cells or tissues where they exert their function.** **What are the general functions of hormones?** **B...

**Differentiate between an endocrine and an exocrine gland.** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are chemical messengers that are transported through the blood to their target cells or tissues where they exert their function.** **What are the general functions of hormones?** **Briefly describe the stimulus for release of hormones to the circulatory system and how they maintain specificity to their target tissue.** **Describe the different types of hormones. Which require transport proteins to carry them through the bloodstream? Which have the longest half-life?** **What are the responses a target cell can have once a hormone binds its receptor?** **Briefly describe or draw a diagram showing how activation of an intracellular receptor differs from activation of a cell membrane receptor.** **Briefly describe how the endocrine system can be regulated with the use of feedback loops to help maintain homeostasis in the body. Use a diagram to show how a general feedback system works.** **Differentiate between the functions and signaling of the endocrine and nervous systems.** **Identify the following endocrine glands on the diagram below:** - **Pineal gland - Thymus - Hypothalamus - Adrenal glands** - **Pituitary glands - Pancreas - Thyroid - Ovaries** - **Testes - Parathyroid glands** pap13\_fig\_18\_01\_ul 11. **Describe the hormones released by the hypothalamus that control the anterior pituitary.** **\ ** 12. **Describe the two hormones produced by the hypothalamus that are stored and released from the posterior pituitary.** 13. **Describe the four hormones that are produced by the anterior pituitary that control other endocrine glands.** 14. **Describe the two hormones that are produced by the anterior pituitary that do not control other endocrine glands.** 15. **Describe the two hormones produced by the thyroid gland.** 16. **Describe the hormone produced by the parathyroid gland.** 17. **Describe or draw the negative feedback system controlling calcium concentrations in the blood.** 18. **Label the capsule, cortex, and medulla of the following adrenal gland.** 19. **Describe the three classes of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.** 20. **Describe the two hormones produced by the adrenal medulla.** 21. **Briefly describe the 3 stages of the stress response.** 22. **Describe the exocrine and the endocrine functions of the pancreas.** 23. **Describe the two hormones produced by the pancreas.** 24. **Describe or draw a diagram showing the negative feedback system controlling glucose concentrations in the blood.** 25. **Describe the hormonal stimulation of the ovaries and testes. What hormones are produced at these glands and what are their functions?** 26. **Describe the hormone secreted by the thymus.** 27. **Describe the hormone secreted by the pineal gland.** 28. **What are prostaglandins?** 29. Name the following endocrine glands: +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | J. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | This gland is located by the | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | intestine and stomach as it is | | | critical for digestion. It is | | | also important for controlling | | | blood sugar levels. | +===================================+===================================+ | A. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | This gland is located in the | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | brain and secretes melatonin to | | | help regulate our sleep and wake | | | cycles. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | This gland wraps around the | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | trachea at the base of the neck, | | | it needs iodine from the diet to | | | produce one of its major | | | hormones. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | There are two of these glands in | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | the body. They are located right | | | above the kidneys. They produce | | | hormones such as aldosterone and | | | cortisol. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | Located between the lungs, this | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | gland is critical for proper | | | development of the immune system. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | These four little glands are | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | embedded in the thyroid gland and | | | help to regulate the amount of | | | calcium in the blood. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | F. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | These glands are stimulated by | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | the hypothalamus/pituitary axis | | | and help to regulate the | | | ovulation, menstruation, and | | | female sex characteristics. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | G. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | This gland is in the brain and is | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | considered the control center of | | | the endocrine system. It produces | | | many hormones, including those | | | that control the anterior | | | pituitary. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | H. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | These glands produce | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | testosterone, which is needed for | | | sperm production and male sex | | | characteristics. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | I. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | This gland is at the base of the | | _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | brain. It controls many other | | | glands and tissues and is divided | | | into anterior and posterior | | | sections. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 30. Match the following glands to the hormone it produces. Glands may be used more than once. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | D. Hypothalamus | E. Thyroid | H. Adrenal | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | A. Anterior | F. Parathyroid | I. Testes | | Pituitary | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | B. Pineal | G. Thymus | J. Ovaries | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | C. Pancreas | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ \_\_\_\_\_ Follicle Stimulating Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Prolactin ---------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- \_\_\_\_\_ Glucagon \_\_\_\_\_ Melatonin \_\_\_\_\_ Oxytocin \_\_\_\_\_ Luteinizing Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Calcitonin \_\_\_\_\_ Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Thymosin \_\_\_\_\_ Antidiuretic Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Thyroxin \_\_\_\_\_ Parathyroid Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Estrogen \_\_\_\_\_ Growth Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Thyroid Stimulating Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Testosterone \_\_\_\_\_ Adrenocorticotropic Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Cortisol \_\_\_\_\_ Aldosterone \_\_\_\_\_ Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone \_\_\_\_\_ Progesterone \_\_\_\_\_ Insulin \_\_\_\_\_ Epinephrine