International Organizations and Global Governance PDF

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PREPARED BY: ALLYSA PABALAN, CEMDS-DDS  Word guide: Anarchy - the organization of society on the basis of voluntary cooperation, without political institutions or hierarchical government. Hegemon...

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PREPARED BY: ALLYSA PABALAN, CEMDS-DDS  Word guide: Anarchy - the organization of society on the basis of voluntary cooperation, without political institutions or hierarchical government. Hegemony - leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others. International law - a body of rules established by custom or treaty and recognized by nations as binding in their relations with one another. Autonomy - the right or condition of self-government. Supranational - having power or influence that transcends national boundaries or governments. Transnational - extending or operating across national boundaries. Source: Oxford Languages  What is Global Governance? Global Governance is the political interaction of international relations/transnational actors aimed at solving problems that affect more than one region (transnational issues). It consists of international rules or laws, or norms. It may be formed at the regional or global level. Examples transnational issues  What is Global Governance? Global Governance also refers to as the sum of the many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs. It is a continuing process through which conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodated and cooperative action may be taken. Today‘s world requires both states and non-state actors to coordinate action through international organizations to address different issues.  What is Global Governance? While international organizations continue to play a greater role, state sovereignty and lack of political will continue to inhibit the long-term prospects of those organizations for creating effective structures of global governance. International organizations facilitate global governance BUT state sovereignty always prevail regardless of the situation. States are sovereign; therefore, they are the primary actors in international relations and the most powerful and influential actors. States can freely accept or reject any policies or rules formed by any international organizations. Role of international organizations in Global Governance A debate between two perspectives: REALIST LIBERALIST Emphasized the importance of state International organizations are destined sovereignty, military power, and national to solve common human problems. interests in world politics and was less Argue that international organizations likely to expect states to delegate provide an arena in which states can important powers to international interact, develop shared norms, and organizations. cooperate to solve common problems. The international organizations play a International organizations also coordinating role in international coordinate action by providing relations and states can choose to information, monitoring behavior, ignore international organizations punishing defectors, and facilitating whenever they conflict with the pursuit transparency at a reduced cost to states of national self-advancement  United Nations: Focal Point of Global Governance The study of international organizations began with the creation of the League of Nations. League of Nations – established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security” The League of Nations ceased its activities after failing to prevent the Second World War Dissolved in 1946; transferral of functions and property to the United Nations United Nations: Focal Point of Global Governance As World War II was about to end in 1945, nations were in ruins, and the world wanted peace. Representatives of 50 countries gathered at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, California from 25 April to 26 June 1945. For the next two months, they proceeded to draft and then sign the UN Charter, which created a new international organization, the United Nations, which, it was hoped, would prevent another world war like the one they had just lived through.  United Nations: Focal Point of Global Governance The operations of the UN include (but not limited to): Peaceful settlement of disputes Collective security and peacekeeping Search for justice under law The instruments of war Globalization Promotes economic welfare Manages global resources Promotes social progress, protects human rights and the environment Promotes human development and economic well- being United Nations: Focal Point of Global Governance After the UN was created, different UN specialized agencies were established and following global initiatives were created aimed at tackling and solving problems that affect more than one region. Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and each other through the coordinating machinery of the Economic and Social Council. Some challenges faced by IOs in facilitating global governance Sovereignty and state autonomy Many states are reluctant to cede authority to supranational bodies, fearing a loss of control over domestic affairs. Resource constraints and funding issues Limit the capacity of IOs to address complex global challenges adequately Some challenges faced by IOs in facilitating global governance Democratic deficit within international organizations Decision-making power is concentrated in the hands of a few powerful states. This lack of democratic accountability can undermine the legitimacy of IO actions and erode public trust in their effectiveness.  Questions to ponder: What is the future of global governance? Are the states willing to withdraw their sovereignty for the sake of global cooperation? Can international organizations be more powerful than states?