Biology Quiz PDF

1. Which of the following is NOT part of the alimentary canal? o A. Esophagus o B. Stomach o C. Liver o D. Small intestine 2. Which layer of the alimentary canal contains blood vessels and nerves? o A. Mucosa o B. Submucosa o C....

1. Which of the following is NOT part of the alimentary canal? o A. Esophagus o B. Stomach o C. Liver o D. Small intestine 2. Which layer of the alimentary canal contains blood vessels and nerves? o A. Mucosa o B. Submucosa o C. Muscularis o D. Serosa 3. What is the primary enzyme in saliva that begins carbohydrate digestion? o A. Amylase o B. Lipase o C. Protease o D. Nuclease 4. Which salivary gland produces the most saliva? o A. Parotid gland o B. Submandibular gland o C. Sublingual gland o D. Minor salivary glands 5. The pancreas secretes which hormone for blood sugar regulation? o A. Insulin o B. Glucagon o C. Both A and B o D. None of the above 6. Which organ is the main producer of bile? o A. Pancreas o B. Stomach o C. Liver  o D. Gallbladder 7. The sphincter of Oddi regulates the flow of bile into the: o A. Stomach o B. Small intestine o C. Pancreas o D. Colon 8. Which of the following enzymes digests proteins in the stomach? o A. Pepsin o B. Amylase o C. Lipase o D. Trypsin 9. The primary function of the small intestine is: o A. Digestion o B. Absorption o C. Hormone production o D. Detoxification 10. What is the main site of fat digestion? o A. Stomach o B. Mouth o C. Small intestine o D. Large intestine 11. What is the primary molecule used by cells for energy? o A. DNA o B. ATP o C. RNA o D. Glycogen 12. Which process breaks down glucose to produce energy? o A. Glycolysis  o B. Gluconeogenesis o C. Lipolysis o D. Proteolysis 13. The Krebs cycle occurs in the: o A. Nucleus o B. Mitochondria o C. Cytoplasm o D. Endoplasmic reticulum 14. Beta-oxidation refers to the breakdown of: o A. Proteins o B. Carbohydrates o C. Fats o D. Nucleic acids 15. Which hormone promotes glycogen breakdown? o A. Insulin o B. Glucagon o C. Estrogen o D. Testosterone 16. The main by-product of protein metabolism is: o A. Glucose o B. Ammonia o C. Carbon dioxide o D. Water 17. Which process generates the most ATP? o A. Glycolysis o B. Electron transport chain o C. Krebs cycle o D. Beta-oxidation 18. Which vitamin is necessary for energy production?  o A. Vitamin C o B. Vitamin B12 o C. Vitamin D o D. Vitamin A 19. The liver is a major site of: o A. Fat storage o B. Gluconeogenesis o C. Urea production o D. Both B and C 20. Which organelle is most involved in metabolism? o A. Lysosome o B. Mitochondria o C. Golgi apparatus o D. Ribosome 21. The functional unit of the kidney is the: o A. Nephron o B. Glomerulus o C. Loop of Henle o D. Renal corpuscle 22. Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration? o A. Proximal tubule o B. Glomerulus o C. Distal tubule o D. Collecting duct 23. Which structure drains urine from the kidney to the bladder? o A. Urethra o B. Renal vein o C. Ureter  o D. Nephron 24. The renal medulla contains: o A. Glomeruli o B. Renal pyramids o C. Renal capsule o D. Bowman's capsule 25. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidney? o A. Aldosterone o B. ADH o C. Cortisol o D. Insulin 26. The detrusor muscle is found in the: o A. Kidney o B. Ureter o C. Bladder o D. Urethra 27. Which structure controls the voluntary release of urine? o A. Internal urethral sphincter o B. External urethral sphincter o C. Detrusor muscle o D. Ureter 28. Urine is stored in the bladder until it reaches a capacity of approximately: o A. 50 mL o B. 200 mL o C. 500 mL o D. 1 L 29. Which part of the urinary system is the longest in males? o A. Ureter o B. Bladder  o C. Urethra o D. Renal pelvis 30. Renal clearance measures: o A. Blood pressure o B. Urine concentration o C. Efficiency of excretion o D. Glomerular filtration rate 31. The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates: o A. Blood pressure o B. Urine volume o C. Sodium reabsorption o D. All of the above 32. The urethra in females is approximately: o A. 1-2 cm long o B. 4-6 cm long o C. 10-12 cm long o D. 15 cm long 33. Which structure is responsible for concentrating urine? o A. Glomerulus o B. Proximal tubule o C. Loop of Henle o D. Distal tubule 34. The internal urethral sphincter is made of: o A. Smooth muscle o B. Skeletal muscle o C. Cardiac muscle o D. None of the above 35. Which of the following is the final process in urine formation? o A. Filtration o B. Reabsorption o C. Secretion o D. Excretion