UCSP 2 2024 Past Paper PDF

SAN ROQUE CATHOLIC SCHOOL Mendiola St. Alabang ,Muntinlupa City / 1770 Tel no’s: 842/2017 – 850/4236 SHS – UCSP Defining Culture and Society from the Perspectives of Anthropology and Sociology Society...

SAN ROQUE CATHOLIC SCHOOL Mendiola St. Alabang ,Muntinlupa City / 1770 Tel no’s: 842/2017 – 850/4236 SHS – UCSP Defining Culture and Society from the Perspectives of Anthropology and Sociology Society -is formally defined as consulting a fairly large number of people who are living in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside their area, and participate in a common culture. - It is seen as an outcome of multiple interactions of people upon which succeeding interactions are made meaningful and possible. - Every single action of ours is controlled by society. Three Theoretical Perspectives of Society: Structural Functionalism- Society is a system of interconnected parts that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium for the whole. “Social Order” Conflict Theory- brings about new set of relations and interactions, which produces new dynamism in society. Symbolic Interactionism and Meaning-Making- the connection of symbols and meanings assigned to an object, event, or person become the basis of social interactions, and they are constitutive of events and social phenomena. ▪ Anthropological Perspective of Culture o Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs,law,art,morals,customs,and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society- Edward B. Taylor. o Anthropologists believe that culture is not innate among humans but is acquired and is learned from a person’s environment. o It is the sum total of integrated learned behavior patterns which are characteristics of the members of society- E.A.Hoebel ▪ Sociological Perspective of Culture o It is the sum of symbols, ideas, forms of expressions and material products associated with a social system- Allan Johnson o Culture provides meaning and order through practices and the use of symbols, whereby certain things designated as cultural objects are endowed with significance over and above their material utility. *Society cannot exist apart from Culture. A society is always made of people that carries and transmit culture. *No culture can exist except as it is embodied in human society; no society can operate without cultural directives. Culture- is a people’s way of life. Forms of Culture Material (Tangible) – formed by the physical objects that people create ex. cars, clothing, books, buildings, computers, tools, economic goods, property, artifacts. Non-material (Intangible) – abstract human creations (can’t touch it) ex. language, family patterns, work practices, ideas, rules, values, ideals, symbols, patterns of thinking, political and economic system Characteristics of Culture: Culture is learned – human beings were not born possessing cultural traits. Each person’s behavior often depends upon some particular behavior of someone else. Culture is Social – it is by product of human interaction. Culture does not exist in isolation. Culture varies from society to society – it is unique to itself. It is not uniform. Culture is shared and transmitted – cultural ways are learned by persons from other persons. Many of them handed down by elders, parents, teachers and others. Culture is continuous – no culture ever remains constant. It is responsive to the changing conditions of the world. It is subject to slow but constant change. Functions of Culture: Culture defines situations - it has many subtle cues(hints) which define each situation. Example: If someone approaches you with his right hand outstretched at waist level, this means he wishes to shake hands in friendly greeting but to someone who is not familiar with the culture it might mean hostility or warning. Culture defines attitudes, values and goals – a person learns from his/her culture what is good,true and ideal. Culture provides behavior patterns- people find a ready-made set of patterns awaiting them which they need to learn and follow. Modes of Acquiring Culture: Imitation- whereby an individual observes and replicates others’ behavior. - it allows for the transfer of information (behaviors, customs, etc.) between individuals and down generations without the need for genetic inheritance. In short by just observing, imitations take place. Formal Teaching – the process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology. - Institutions like the government, school and the church were in charge of instilling in our minds with certain cultural practices we must live up to as a member of the society. Conditioning- rewards and punishments are a result of satisfaction and dissatisfaction about the way a person executes a cultural practice. Amalgamation – Intermarriage of person coming from different cultural groups resulting in some kind of biological fusion. Enculturation- refers to the gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person, another culture, etc. - is the process where the culture that is currently established teaches an individual the accepted norms and values of the culture or society where the individual lives. - The process of learning our own culture Acculturation – a process which societies of different cultures are modified through fairly close and long continued contact. - A process of learning another culture.