UCSP-ryza-reviewer.pdf

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND Natural disasters: Man made: POLITICS ⚫ Tornado ⚫ Train accident ⚫ Flood ⚫ Aviation inc...

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND Natural disasters: Man made: POLITICS ⚫ Tornado ⚫ Train accident ⚫ Flood ⚫ Aviation incident Social, Political and ⚫ Storm ⚫ Shipwreck Cultural Change ⚫ Natural wildfire ⚫ Traffic collision ⚫ Earthquake ⚫ Structural collapse Changes in our society are evident today. The way our ⚫ Drought ⚫ Bridge collapse ancestors lived in the past was too way different from ⚫ Tsunami our ways in the present. ⚫ Landslide ⚫ Typhoon The rise of science through innovation, invention and ⚫ Volcano new discovery brought so much change to how people ⚫ Ice storm live their lives today ⚫ Sinkhole Social science in its broadest sense, study the society POLITICAL CHANGE and the manner in which people behave and influence Happens when the rulers in a nation lose power or the the world around us. That is how people interact with kind of governance in the nation. Governance is the type each other, behave, develop as a culture, and influence of framework used to run a nation. the world Monarchy ⚫ A monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or A. SOCIAL CHANGE empress. denotes to any substantial transformation of behavioral ⚫ The ruling position can be passed on to the ruler’s patterns, values and social norms over time. heirs. TECHNOLOGY ⚫ In some traditional monarchies, the monarch has Nowadays, technologies are very beneficial to human absolute power. being and it shaped changes in our lives today. Gearing ⚫ But a constitutional monarchy, like the UK, also has towards 21st century, numerous innovations were made. a democratic government that limits the monarch’s control. 2. POPULATION The composition of population is changing at every level DEMOCRACY: of society over time and space. The births increase and ⚫ Rule of law decrease contributes to how society changes. ⚫ Elections ⚫ Freedom ⚫ Equality ⚫ Majority ⚫ Human rights ⚫ Responsibility ⚫ NGO Internal political change this is instigated by people of the country. It can be done through significant events, such as elections and rulers opt to end his power over, or through irregular events, such as a coup d’état or a rebellion. Factors affecting population growth ⚫ Economic factors External political change is instigated or imposed by ⚫ Social factors other countries. It is usually accomplished through ⚫ Environmental factors military threats or extortions but could occur through ⚫ Technological factors embargoes and/or withholding foreign aid. ⚫ Migration CULTURAL CHANGE this idea denotes that some internal and external factors influence the cultural pattern of societies leading to change. A. Contact - The exchange of ideas between two societies will evidently change the culture of both societies. This is done through the process called “cultural diffusion” and “acculturation” Cultural diffusion is the 3. ENVIRONMENT transfer of cultural practices, beliefs and social activities The natural disasters is considered one that contributes from one group of people to another social change. It changes the physical, social, and while acculturation is the process of borrowing social economic landscape of humanity. patterns of values, and customs from one group to another.  -greek word “ology” the study of B. Technology Evolution – The emergence of technological evolution will bring Augusto comt- french philosopher change of culture of one’s country. He saw the need to study the society C. Geographical and ecological factor FIELDS – The type of climate, altitude of the 1. Social organization- pertains the group of interacting place, and its geographical location contributes the type people with the same goal lifestyle and culture of 2. Social psychology- study of how people though, the people. feelings ,belief, intention and behavior are influenced by social environment Concept of anthropology, sociology, and political 3. Applied sociology- information about society to science solve social issues 4. Human ecology-study of interaction between human beings and nature in different cultures 1. Way of life 2. View of the world GOALS OF SOCIOLOGY 3. Priorities in life 1. Study the nature of humanity- to be aware of our 4. Relationship with others society 2. Appreciate society Anthropology ⚫ Latin word- “anthropologia” STUDY OF HUMANITY DAVAO CITY- King city of the south ⚫ Ultimate root from the greek word- “anthropos” HUMAN Polotical science- systematic study of government, BEING politics,and polotical power ⚫ It is the study of human beings and their ancestors - it tells about political theory: through time and space in relation to physical ⚫ Political philosophy and ideologies character, environmental, social relations, and ⚫ Public management culture. ⚫ Human rights ⚫ ANTHORPOLOGIST- anthropology experts, ⚫ International relations and foreign policies Politics were started by the ancient greeks ETHNOGRAPHY- they use a research special method called ethnography, a long term participant observation GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE -Anthropologist do this by living their subject of study for 1. Make people better citizens a long period of time for them to make their writings 2. Keep social order and harmony among different group actual or truthful. of people 3. Protect the rights of an individual FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY: 4. Avoid conflict and promote cooperation 1. Biological or physical anthropology- study of the human origin such as genetics, race, evolution, fossils, and primates this is where we observe our ancestor. BAGUIO CITY 2. Cultural anthropology- study of the living people, - city of pines their religion, social system, language, clothing food -summer capital beliefs and tradition. -session road(busiest road) 3. Linguistic or Anthropological Linguistics- study of -City capital of the philippines language, its evolution, its connection to other -Has a rich blend of western landscape and tribal filipino languages and other societies. culture 4. Archeology- study of the materials remain of past -Burnham park - mother of the all parks, designed and human life and activity such as religion, social system, named after an american architech and urban planner language, attire, food, beliefs and traditions DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM -Antropology has its major american influence its because of the famous anthropologist- FRANZ BOAZ- GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY an expert when it comes to human culture and he 1. Observing the common things among people(tradition, studied historical particularism language and others) -Historical particularism - Each society has a unique 2. Discover what make people different from each other. form of culture that can be considered as complex 3. Create new knowledge through researches about humankind and behavior. CEBU CITY -Queen city of the south CEBY CITY- queen city of the south -oldest city - “sibu”- trade -named after “sibu” means trade - first spanish settlement SOCIOLOGY- study of society, patterns of social interactions, social life and consequences of human DAVAO CITY behavior. -king city of the south -came from the french word” sociologie” companion - Durian city CULTURE Political identity(Political argument)- focus upon the ⚫ Beliefs interest and perspectives of groups which people ⚫ Languages identify ⚫ Food History- is the study of past events ad it covers all SOCIETY aspects of human society, political, social, economics, ⚫ Community scientific, technological, medical, cultural, intellectual, ⚫ Relationship religions, and military development are all part pf history. ⚫ Family Etymology- study of the origin of words History- Historia(inquiry) POLITICS Histor- learned/ wise man ⚫ Government ⚫ Rights ⚫ Policy Goals of Anthropology, Political Science and Sociology Dagupan city- Bangus Capital Goals of Anthropology The Railroad Locomotive no. 17- one of the oldest ⚫ describe and analyze the biological evolution of train humanity -used during pre-war on manila dagupan railroad line ⚫ describe and assess the cultural development of Leonora Rivera- rizal’s greatest love who once lived at our species dagupan ⚫ analyze the present-day human cultural similarities Japan-Philippines Friendship Garden- unveiled in and differences January 23, 1984 ⚫ describe and explain human biological and Newest attraction- Tondaligan beach marker diversity today City’s pride- Dagupan city museum ⚫ discover what makes people diverse from each International Museum Day- celebrated during May 18 other Victorio C. Edades- National artist and father of the ⚫ discover what all people have in common modern philippine paiting ⚫ produce new knowledge about humankind and Works: the builders human behavior Salvador F. Bernal- Theater designer Works: showcases the use of inexpensive local Goals of Political Science materials ⚫ be immersed in current affairs ⚫ build an understanding on the local, national, and Culture- set of shared or common things that pertains to international politics attitude, beliefs, languages, etc. ⚫ learn how political activities are organized in and Cultural Variation- refers to the difference or distinct out of our country forms of social behaviors that various cultures exhibit ⚫ provide substantially and scientific contribution to around the world. government and society ⚫ understanding of the nation’s political institutions, Significant reasons of cultural Variations culture, and ideologies 1. Environment- environmental condition reasons as ⚫ understand that there are various sorts of political inhabitants must adopt in order to survive systems around the world 2. Isolation- one society cuts its interaction from other ⚫ deepen knowledge about politics and government society thus the kind of culture will continue free from the other societies. Goals of Sociology 3. Techonology- the availability of tools, equipment ⚫ understand ourselves better likely affect the values and beliefs of economic and ⚫ build a more robust understanding of humanity social interactions. ⚫ help with decision-making IRRI- international rice research Institute ⚫ provide insights into what is going on in a situation ⚫ explain the diversity of people and societies. Society- group of people who shared the same laws, ⚫ describe the interaction between the individual and rights and resources. society Social difference- dissimilarities among individuals ⚫ view the world from a sociological perspective based on their social characteristics and qqualities. Anthropological and sociological perspective Social change- the alteration of society over time or changes in human interaction Culture -Is a combination or varied areas that comprises Bagoong capital of pangasinan- lingayen(means tradition, cultural practices, behaviors, beliefs, values, looking back) attitudes, norms, symbols, laws, knowledges, and Fidel V. Ramos- 12th pres and was born on March 18, entirely that a person learns and share influence being a 1928 member of society. Kampana Musem Veterans memorial park- home to all the relics of historical events that happened druing ww2 FORMS OF CULTURE Sociology Material (Tangible) - refers to the physical objects that - Focus study is society people produce. - Is a social science that studies human social Example: buildings, infrastructures, vehicles, clothing, relationship, and shared human behaviour in the society. artworks, tools, artifacts, goods, technological creations, It examines human interaction which is necessary in factories understanding the cultural aspect of man. It also focus its attention on all kinds of social relationships, social Non-material (Intangible) - refers to the non-physical arts, social interaction, social structures, social aspect of human creations in which literally you can't processes and social organization touch it. Example: beliefs, religion, language, values, family SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE patterns, cultural practices, ideas, laws, symbols\ Sociological perspective enables an individual to understand the cultural aspect of man and its role Society played in the society. -denotes to a group of individuals characterized It provides a different way of looking at life, and provides territorial boundaries. Society ought to have rules of a deeper understanding of why and how people behave conduct, traditions, customs, laws, folkways and mores, within the society. and desires that guarantee suitable conduct among * Functionalism views society as an organized network individuals. Hence, each society is special in terms of cooperating groups operating orderly to generally culture accepted norms. -It is derived from the Latin word 'societas', which * Conflict Perspective sees the social environment in a means 'companion' or 'associate'. continuous struggle which is in contrast with Thus, society refers to all people, collectively regarded Functionalism. as constituting a community of related, interdependent * Symbolic Interactionism deals with patterns of behavior individuals living in a particular place, following a certain in large units of society such as organization, mode of life communities, etc. * Evolutionism explains how human groups came to Anthropology exist, grow, and develop. Study man entirely. Is the branch of science that studies Anthropological & Sociological Perspective Since the human behavior, his works, his body, his conduct and study of anthropology deals with culture, it perceives values, in time and space. It also studies man's physical, society as a group of people sharing a common culture social, and cultural development that defines and within a territory (Banaag, 2012). "While sociologist view explains the wonder of human life. In short, human society as an association organized by men with a studies analyses man's conduct as part of society territory (Banaag, 2012). ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Society and culture as a complex whole * Unilineal Evolutionism states that new cultural forms Is a patterned way of life of people which comprises behavior, emerge from the past that pass through similar stages of language, tradition, beliefs, values, religion, laws, arts that is development. accustomed by a human being a member of society. It is also * Cultural Diffusionism asserts that culture originates a cumulative transfer of total learned behaviour that is from one or more culture centers, which are results of acquired by a group of people and ransmitted this knowledge borrowed elements of the new culture. from one generation to another through social learning. * Anthropological perspective enables you to understand the origin of culture diversity through mankind hence the four aspects of culture concentration a human perspective I. BELIEFS * It will widen your horizon into a specific point of view of -are ideas that people have a strong feeling or convictions of understanding of judging people in the society and its certainty of something that may exist or will takes place to culture diversity * Historical Particularism believes that each group of happen. people has its own unique culture influenced by its history, geography, and environment. II. VALUES * Anthropological Functionalism believes that cultural -Is a shared perception that defines standard of doing what is elements and practices are interrelated and desirable and not. This cultural element suggest people what interdependent and persist because they have a to do with their actions that is considered appropriate purpose. worthwhile. * Anthropological Structuralism conveys that cultural 3 elements that constitute the filipino value systems phenomena and practices have a relationship to one 1. Halaga another by which human organize and structure their experiences. 2. asal * Cultural Materialism considers the idea that culture is 3. Diwa influenced by technology, resources, economic values, and the utilization of things. Halaga- it is how we give importance to someone that may have its significant impact of a person as it is a priceless possession. Halaga as aspect of Filipino value constitute three principles 1) Pagkatao or selfworth 2) pakikipagkapwa-tao or noble action in relationship with others 3) Pagkamaka-tao or compassion Asal - It is a manifestation of one's action or manners of treating other people. Asal as aspect of Filipino value constitute three principles 1) Kapwa or relational 2) Damdamin or emotional 3) Dangal or honor Diwa this denotes to the inner self o kalooban that resonates the intertwined emotion and reasoning of a person. III. NORMS -Is regarded as accepted standard behavior that is considered tolerable action in the society. Types of norms Laws are a formal body of rules ratified by the government system that are created and regulate conduct. Mores are norms and behaviors that is widely observed by a particular members in the society or group. Folkways these are norms that apply to routine matters like eating, sleeping, appearance, posture, use of appliances and relations to various people, animals and the environment. Taboo a culture really forbids them, an activity that is prohibited for public display and a motion that is unpleasant in the society. IV. SYMBOLS It may represent a word, object, color, sound, feeling, movement and taste to which people may have represent a meaning or value unto