UCSP-Module-8-1 PDF

SHS www.shsph.blogspot.com Understanding Culture, Society & Politics Module 8: Functions and Importance of Education in the Society www.shsph.blogspot.com Understanding Culture, Society & Politics SHS-Module 8: Functions and Importance of Education in the Society First Edition, 2020 Cop...

SHS www.shsph.blogspot.com Understanding Culture, Society & Politics Module 8: Functions and Importance of Education in the Society www.shsph.blogspot.com Understanding Culture, Society & Politics SHS-Module 8: Functions and Importance of Education in the Society First Edition, 2020 Copyright © 2020 La Union Schools Division Region I All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owners. Development Team of the Module Author: Jermie B. Sotero, TII Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team Reviewer: Mario V. Mario Jr. Mario B. Paneda, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Araling Panlipunan Belen C. Aquino, Ph.D., EPS in Charge of English Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II Layout Artist: Ernesto Ortiza Jr., TIII Management Team: ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr. Schools Division Superintendent Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D Assistant Schools Division Superintendent German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS Mario B. Paneda, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Araling Panlipunan Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II www.shsph.blogspot.com SHS Understanding Culture, Society & Politics Module 8: Functions and Importance of Education in the Society www.shsph.blogspot.com Target Education cultivates a country’s economy and society; therefore, it is the milestone of a nation’s progress. Education provides knowledge and skills to the population, as well as shaping the personality of the youth of a nation. Nevertheless, can education really shape the nation’s advancement? What can it do and what is its role in the society? Education is the most crucial aspect of society. Why? It is for the reason that when it given great attention it will become the powerful tool to make every individual the catalyst of change, a change than can make the society progressive and functional. Society and every individual should work hand in hand so that no one would be set aside and become outdated knowing that we are now living in a highly modernized society. In order to achieve that, everyone should be aware on the functions of education in the society. In the previous lesson, you were able to explain the forms and functions of state and non-state institution wherein in gives a leeway in providing our society the necessary needs and support to be able to cope with this vast changing world that we are living. It also employs how state and non-state institutions are put to work to further human security, state and non-state institutions help people cope with and reduce the multiple insecurities in our lives. In this module, you are going also to look into how education functions in our society, thus, after going through this module you are expected to examine the functions and importance of education in the society. Specific learning Objectives: 1. define education; 2. trace and describe the educational system of the Philippines; 3. give the functions and importance of education in the society; and 4. evaluate how education functions and affects society. 1 www.shsph.blogspot.com Jumpstart What I Know Assessment. I. Read and analyze the concepts below. Write the word Correct if the idea of the statement is true and write the word Incorrect if otherwise. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. 1. Education is also a form of socialization according to sociologists. 2. The American colonization in the Philippines lasted for forty-eight years and had brought a big influence in our education system today. 3. The education during the Spanish time was open for all indios. 4. Formal education follows indefinite system of learning process. 5. Tertiary education is regulated by the Department of Education. 6. Elementary education is a formal type of education. 7. Elementary education in the country is compulsory thus all Filipino children are enrolled in elementary school. 8. SPED school aims to develop the potentials of the child with special needs. 9. High school has a total of six years under the new school curriculum. 10. Education reflects a classless society. II. Identification. Identify what is being asked. 11. He proposed the theory of hierarchy of needs. 12. What is the letter E in the acronym of UNESCO stands for? 13. What is the starting level under K to 12 the basic education? 14. Primary education is considered a human ___________. 15. Type of education that enables a student to learn skills and knowledge through structured learning experiences. Discover Definition of Education Education is the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values (Macionis, 2012). Education is the acquisition of knowledge, habits, skills, and abilities through instruction and training or through self-activity. It is systematic training of the moral and intellectual faculties of the mind. It is the process of transmitting to the young, the vital cultural heritage of a group. 2 www.shsph.blogspot.com Education in the Philippines Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education, commonly referred to as the DepEd. It controls the Philippine educational system, including the creation and implementation of the curriculum and the utilization of funds allotted by the national government. It also manages the construction of schools, acquisition of books and other school materials, and the recruitment of teachers and staff. Before the Philippines attained independence in 1946, the country’s education system was patterned after the educational systems of Spain and the United States. The Philippines, with exemption to other parts of the country, were under Spanish rule for more than three hundred years while the Americans stayed for twenty two years. Spanish and the United States brought educational practices, which reflected their culture and ideologies. During the Spanish time, the function of education was inculcated moral and religious values. Religion was the core curriculum, and the schools were used to spread Christianity. It mainly served the upper classes; thus, education symbolized “social standing and prestige.” The educated class consisted mostly of ilustrados. When the Americans came, education was focused on the development of new social patterns that would prepare the nation for a self-governing democracy. Public institution was institutionalized to give every person the education needed to participate in a self- governing democracy. The medium of instruction was English. However, after independence, the country’s educational system changed radically. Today, the government of the Philippines has been very active in tapping the educational system for the country’s development efforts. With the adaptation of the K to 12 programs, it is hoped that Philippine Educational System is now responding to the demands of the economy for national development. Types of Education In general, there are three types of education, these are: 1. Formal education This refers to the hierarchically structured, chronologically graded educational system from primary school to the university, including programs and institutions for full time technical and vocational training. At the end of each level, the learners must obtain certification in order to enter or advance to the next level. Formal education shall correspond to the following levels in basic education: a. Elementary Education Elementary education involves compulsory, formal education primarily concerned with providing basic education, and usually corresponds to a traditional six grades or seven grades, and in addition, to preschool programs. Such preschool education normally consists of kindergarten schooling but may cover other preparatory courses as well. 3 www.shsph.blogspot.com At the basic education level, the Department of Education (DepEd) sets overall educational standards and mandates standardized tests for the K to 12 basic education system, although private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum in accordance with existing laws and Department regulations. b. Secondary Education Secondary education, public schools and private schools, is concerned primarily with continuing basic education of the elementary level and expanding it to include the learning of employable, gainful skills, usually corresponding to four years of junior high school and two years of senior high school. c. Tertiary Education Institutions of higher education may be classified as either public or private college or university, and public institutions of higher education may further be subdivided into two types: state universities and colleges and local colleges and universities. Most institutions of higher learning are regulated by the Commission of Higher Education (CHED). Colleges typically offer 1 or more specialized programs while universities must offer at least 8 or more different undergraduate degree programs in a wide array of subjects and at least 2 or more graduate programs. Public universities are all non-sectarian and offer a wide-range of programs, with English as medium of instruction. Public universities are government funded, with the largest, the University of the Philippines, receiving a substantial amount from the annual budget. There are also several private tertiary institutions, sectarian or non-sectarian as well as for profit or not-for-profit. 2. Non-formal education It refers to any organized educational activity outside the established formal system to provide selected types of learning to a segment of the population. As a concept, non-formal education emerged in response to the world crisis in education identified by Philip H. Coombs in 1967, who argued that the formal education system have failed to address the changing dynamics of the environment and the societies. The skills that are needed to foster economic development are lacking due to untrained labor force that is not able to access formal education. Non-formal education enables a student to learn skills and knowledge through structured learning experiences. A student learns his/her values, principles, and beliefs and undergoes lifelong learning. Example: Vocational Education 4 www.shsph.blogspot.com Accredited private institutions offer technical and vocational education. Programs offered vary in duration from a few weeks to two years. On completion students may take centrally-administered examinations to obtain their diploma or certificate. Vocational colleges do not usually require an entrance examination. Only a record of high school educational and an enrolment fee are required. 3. Informal education It is a lifelong process whereby every individual acquires from daily experiences, attitudes, values, facts, skills, and knowledge or motor skill from resources in his or her higher environment. It offers alternative learning opportunities for the out of school youth and adults specifically those who are 15 years old and above and unable to avail themselves of the educational services and programs of formal education. It reaches out to citizens of varied interests, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic origins and status. Its primary objective is to provide literacy programs to eradicate illiteracy. *Special Education Special Education refers to the education of persons who are physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or culturally different from so- called “normal” individuals, such that they require modification of school practices to develop their potential. Special education provides distinct services, curricula, and instructional materials geared to pupils or students who are significantly higher or lower than the average or norm. SPED aims to develop the maximums potential of the child with the special needs to enable him/her to become self-reliant and take advantage of the opportunities for a full and happy life. Functions of Education in the Society As British sociologist Herbert Spencer explains, functions are important to be performed as they make the society whole. If each function is working well, society attains progress. He lays down the functions of education as follows: 1. Productive Citizenry Education systems enable citizens to be productive members of a society, as they are equipped with knowledge and skills that could contribute to the development of their society’s systems and institutions. This highlights the importance of formal and non-formal education in the development of oneself and the society. Consequentially, it is crucial for educational systems to adapt to the changing demands of the environment to efficiently capacitate individuals. Being a productive citizen requires critical thinking. One must have the ability to understand his or her duties and be able to respond to them by making decisions. Through education, individuals are 5 www.shsph.blogspot.com introduced to concepts concerning democracy, power, inequality, and the like. This promotes greater awareness in his or her society. It encourages vigilance and participation. Educational attainment does not only contribute to the individual’s success but also to the betterment of his or her environment. 2. Self-actualization Education develops one’s sense of self. As a huge part of the discovery process of oneself, education encourages having the vision to become self-actualized. Moreover, it enables one to see your strengths and maintain them. It enables one to determine weakness and adjust to them. This helps one reach full potential and establish oneself as a whole. According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization is the highest form of human need. It was defined as “to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming.” The concept of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on. Figure 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 1. Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear. 3. Love and belongingness needs -the need for interpersonal relationships motivates behaviour Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work). 4. Esteem needs - which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, and independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is 6 www.shsph.blogspot.com most important for children and adolescents and precedes real self- esteem or dignity. 5. Self-actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self- fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. However, through education, humans are empowered to experience and learn their true capacities that lead to self-actualization. Humans also tend to find boundless enthusiasm in learning outside the classroom, which is basically through experience. With this, it becomes easier for them to socialize, to identify a career path, to create self-identity, and the like. They will tend to have the ability to analyze, evaluate, and decide on their own. To others, education takes place both in and outside schools. It functions to preserve and transmit the culture. It is, as Durkheim wrote: “the means by which society perpetually recreates the conditions of its very existence.” Defined in the most general sense, education can occur anywhere, in any setting, through any experience. Thus broadly conceived, education has the same meaning as socialization, the internalization of culture, and learning human behavior. Whether it takes place in or outside of the school system, education is of two kinds, formal and informal. Formal education is imparted by direct instruction. Informal education comes about indirectly, the learner often unaware that he is having a learning experience. The primary function of education is the socialization of the new members of the society. The late president Ramon Magsaysay aptly observed that “education is the greatest equalizer of opportunities” for everybody. Other most important objectives of education are: 1) Teaching basic skills, such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. 2) Helping children develop skills in abstracting thinking and problem solving. 3) Transmitting the cultural heritage, from which individual may develop an appreciation of their society. 4) Communicating to children the basic value of the society. 5) Teaching the special aspects of the culture, such as art, music, literature, drama, science, technology, and sports. 6) Teaching vocational skills that help individuals enter the job market. 7) Training citizens for life within the political system of their society. 8) Preparing children to live long and form meaningful relationship with other human beings. Primary Education as a Human Right Primary education is essential in the early stages of human life. Humans need education to enable them to adapt to the dictates of their society. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) declare that education is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights. It promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits. Yet millions of children and adults remain deprived of educational opportunities, many as a result of poverty.” 7 www.shsph.blogspot.com Normative instruments of the United Nations and UNESCO lay down international legal obligations for the right to education. These instruments promote and develop the right of every person to enjoy access to education of good quality, without discrimination or exclusion. These instruments bear witness to the great importance that Member States and the international community attach to normative action for realizing the right to education. It is for government to fulfil their obligations both legal and political in regard to providing education for all of good quality and to implement and monitor more effectively strategies. Education is a powerful tool by which economically and socially marginalized adults and children can lift themselves out of poverty and participate fully as citizens. Although the UN is such powerful global actor that can mandate its member to follow its structure, education deprivation still persists in most societies. This exclusion is socially constructed in unequal settings. Formal education suggests studying in a school or university where everything is systematic. A teacher or professor explains, while a student listens and understands. For that, the student pays the teacher. The last relates primarily to the struggles between social classes. Formal education, in particular tries to keep pace with the changes in the economy, as can be observed in the constant tuition fee increases in institutions of higher learning. The issue on education taps economical aspect of the society, as classism stands as a barrier to the social development of humans. This also digs on the impact of social inequality, as a systematic oppression lies especially on the lower class. They experience discrepancies in educational opportunities due to financial problems. Explore Enrichment Activity 1. Focusing on the roles or functions of education in the national development, give at least 5 specific ways on how education can provide quality life to an individual and to the society as a whole. INDIVIDUAL SOCIETY 1 2 3 4 5 8 www.shsph.blogspot.com Enrichment Activity 2. Give specific scenarios/examples/ways on how education helps an individual to attain its need on each hierarchy given below. You will be guided by answering the questions below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. How education helps in attaining self- actualization? How education helps in establishing self- esteem? How education helps to feel love and belongingness? How can education helps in attaining safety and security? How can education helps in sustaining physiological needs?. Deepen From all your answers in the activities and your new acquired knowledge about education, think on how education create barriers or inequalities among the members of the society making it difficult for the others to attain a quality state of living. From that, make a slogan that promotes quality primary education for all. Use any writing and coloring materials available. 9 www.shsph.blogspot.com RUBRIC for the Slogan Category 4 3 2 1 The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is The slogan is acceptably distractingly exceptionally attractive in attractive messy or very Creativity attractive in terms terms of design, though it may poorly of design, layout, layout and be a bit designed. It is and neatness. neatness. messy. not attractive. 3 accurate 2 accurate 1 accurate Inaccurate Content - reasons are reasons are reason is reason(s) are Accuracy displayed on the displayed on the displayed on used. slogan. slogan. the poster. Slogan's Slogan is meaning isn't Slogan is catchy Slogan is weak catchy but clear and and supports the but supports the doesn't doesn't Slogan idea of the idea of the support the support the importance of importance of idea of the idea of the education. education. importance of importance of education. our education. Gauge A. Multiple Choice: Carefully read every question below and choose the letter that corresponds to your answer. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. For items 1-4 A. Family B. Education C. Government D. Religion 1. The institution that administers the regulatory functions of law and order, and maintains security in society. 2. The process of socialization, which begins informally at home and then formally in educational institutions. 3. The most basic social institution and is a system of organized relationship involving workable and dependable ways of meeting basic social needs. 4. Constitutes a set of beliefs regarding the ultimate power in the universe, the ideal and proper pattern of behavior, and ceremonial ways to expressing these beliefs. 10 www.shsph.blogspot.com For Items 5-8 A. Formal Education C. Non-Formal Education B. Informal Education D. Special Education 5. It provides distinct services, facilities, curricula, and instructional materials geared to pupils or students who are significantly higher or lower than the average or norm. 6. Refers to the systematic and deliberate process of hierarchically structured and sequential learning. 7. They are organized systematic education that provides selected types of learning to a segment of the population. 8. It is a lifelong process of learning. What other function or purpose of education it is referring to? For Items 9-12 A. Education is Self-Empowerment B. Fosters Participant Democracy C. Financial stability D. To complete the socialization process 9. Education helps you gain sufficient academic qualification, knowledge and skills to get a suitable employment with proper remuneration or salary. 10. Literacy, which is the product of education, allows full participation of the people in democratic process and effective voting. 11. Receiving a good education helps empower you, thus making you strong enough to look after yourself in any given situation or conditions. 12. The main social objective of education which involves the family and school as agents of socialization. B. Define the following important terms. 1. School ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Education ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Self-actualization ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Citizens ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 11  12 JUMPSTART 1. Correct 2. Correct 3. Incorrect 4. Incorrect 5. Incorrect 6. Correct 7. Incorrect 8. Correct EXPLORE 9. Correct Enrichment Activity A 10. Incorrect Possible answers are: IDENTIFICATION - provide a decent job/ own a job/work/ business 11. Abraham Maslow - eradicate illiteracy and poverty in society 12. Educational - provide knowledge on law 13. Kindergarten - Active participation in government issues 14. Right - provide knowledge on healthy living/lifestyle 15. Formal EXPLORE GAUGE Enrichment Activity B 1. C Possible answers are: 2. B Self-actualization- morality, life experience, purpose and 3. A discovered potential 4. D Self-esteem- the person receives praises, achievement, 5. D position, status, because of education, the person has 6. A confidence, respect for others 7. C Love and belonging- can be received from family members, 8. B peers in school, community, colleagues from workplace, etc. 9. C Safety and security- the person acquired knowledge of the 10. B law, criminal activities, and liabilities, educated on healthy 11. A living, use of medicine and hospitals; the family has a home 12. D to live to feel safe and secured. 13. School Physiological needs- when the family has a source of living 14. Education with the help of acquired education and skills, values, 15. Self-actualization attitudes. 16. Citizens Answer Key www.shsph.blogspot.com www.shsph.blogspot.com References: Printed: Alejandria-Gonzalez, Maria Carinnes P., Understanding Society, Culture and Politics Makati City: Diwa Learning Systems Inc., 2016, p.148-155. Marquez-Alimbuyuguen, Marivic, Guiang-Franco, Weena, Cruz-Sa-ao, Beverly, Sagandoy, Tecah C., Lumidao, Cherry L., Understanding Society, Culture and Politics Bulacan: IPM Publishing, 2017, p.147-151. Baleῆa, Ederlina D., Lucero, Dolores M., Peralta, Arnel M., Understanding Society, Culture and Politics Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation, 2016, p.106-112. Arcilla-Serapio, Ma. Perpetua Understanding Society, Culture and Politics Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc. 2016, p.193-203. Link: https://www.wowcordillera.com/2017/08/list-of-state-colleges-and- universities.html. Accessed June 25, 2020 8:00 AM. 13