UCSP Week 1-6 PDF

UCSP ​​ ​ ​ made by @ori 3RD QUARTER | WEEK 1-6​ 02 | TRANSNATIONAL FAMILIES WEEK 1 : UNDERSTANDING CULTURE,...

UCSP ​​ ​ ​ made by @ori 3RD QUARTER | WEEK 1-6​ 02 | TRANSNATIONAL FAMILIES WEEK 1 : UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND The economy of the Philippines is heavily influenced by remittances sent by OFWs. POLITICS: KEY OBSERVATION Serves a challenge to Filipino family structures. 03 | SAME-SEX UNION SOCIAL SCIENCE There is a growing acceptance of same-sex relationships among Academic discipline concerned with society and the Filipinos, especially among younger people and urban dwellers. relationships among individuals within a society (Ugarte, 2019) Gives emphasis to empirical research and theoretical analysis 04 | YOUTH VOLUNTEERISM CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS Cultivates a sense of civic responsibility among young Filipinos. The way of life of a particular group of people at a particular Rise of social media as a contributing factor. time. 05 | VIDEO GAMING Complex whole acquired by man as a member of society. As gaming continues to grow in popularity among Filipinos, An organized group of individuals ; always made of persons particularly the youth, it has begun to influence various aspects of life and their groupings. and society. Aggregate of people living together in an organized community. WEEK 2: UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Exercise of power Activity by which interests within a given unit of rule are BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCE TO UNDERSTAND CULTURE, SOCIETY, conciliated by giving them a share in power in proportion to AND POLITICS importance to the welfare of the people UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY, AND POLITICS AS SOCIOLOGY CONCEPTUAL TOOLS From the Latin word “societus” (society) and the Greek word Studying culture, society, and politics requires an “logos” (study) interdisciplinary approach by relating concepts to each Auguste Comte: The father of sociology. Also coined the term. other. The study human societies , their interactions , and the E.g. sociology intersects with geography, anthropology processes that preserve and change them. with history, and political science with psychology Devotes most of its attention to the collective aspects of KEY OBSERVATIONS: SOCIOCULTURAL AND POLITICAL human behaviour BEHAVIORS & PHENOMENA CONCEPTS IN SOCIOLOGY Most of the time we personally encounter different SOCIAL FORCES ways of doing things, behaving, and making sense of Any human created ways of doing things that influence, events pressure, or force people to behave, interact with others, and Why do people do such a thing? What makes it normal and think in specified ways. (e.g. rules, norms, peer pressure) acceptable to some people in some places and unacceptable to SOCIAL MAPS others in other places? It refers to a person’s specific economic and population 01 ISTAMBAY location. Locks out any possibilities of mobility. To willingly choose to be inactive from school or work. SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION Learned indolence. Proposed by sociologist C. Wright Mills. The ability to see 02 | BAYANIHAN things socially and how they interact and influence each other. A “Being a bayan” framework to understand the social world. Voluntary communal acts of assisting each on certain tasks without Applications: A personal problem may be a social issue. expecting anything in return (Pua & Marcelino, 2000) Your daily rituals may have a cultural value. 03 | FOOD TABOO ANTHROPOLOGY Culturally and religiously driven dietary prohibitions or From the Greek word “anthropos” (human) and the Greek word restrictions. “logos” (study) 04 | PADRINO SYSTEM Franz Boas: The father of modern anthropology. Usage of personal connections to secure employment or The study of human beings in aspects ranging from the other benefits. biology and evolutionary history. Rooted in strong familial ties and utang na loob. Explores origins, development, and diversity of human beings 05 | PADULAS across the world and through time. “Grease money” or lagay HUMAN ADAPTATION Giving bribes expedite transactions, typically within a bureaucratic The process by which humans adjust to environmental, social, or social setting. or cultural challenges in order to survive and thrive. KEY OBSERVATIONS: SOCIOCULTURAL AND HUMAN DIVERSITY POLITICAL CHANGES Variety and differences among human beings, encompassing “Change is the only constant”; in the societal context, society is various aspects of identity, biology, and culture. It includes itself is dynamic differences in race, gender, age, nationality, sexual orientation, It can be due to the rise of digital communication and social media. and other markers of identity It can also be a result of globalization. POLITICAL SCIENCE The study of government and politics 01 | SELFIEING Seeks to understand how societies are governed, how power is Widespread selfie-taking in the Philippines is often seen as a acquired and maintained, and how agents and institutions medium of self expression (Pertierra, 2012) interact good luck.ᐟ.ᐟ `⎚⩊⎚´ -✧ | Page 1 UCSP made by @ori 2ND QUARTER | WEEK 1-6​ Society is abstract CONCEPTS IN POLSCI Society is cultural Society is a process not a product LAW The system of rules which a particular country or community MAJOR SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES recognizes as regulating the actions of its members. POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 01 | STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONALISM How individuals and groups engage in political activities, including Pioneered by Emile Durkheim voting, protests, lobbying, and participation in political parties. A theory which proposes that every unit of society serves its own SOCIAL CONTRACT function A conceptual agreement among individuals in a state of nature to Sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet form a society governed by laws and institutions, aimed at securing the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society. mutual benefits Society can be compared to a human body Changes in one part of society can impact others, leading to WEEK 3: THE INTERPRETATIVE DYNAMICS OF SOCIETY adjustments to restore equilibrium. Social institutions: ○ Family ○ Education ○ Religion ○ Economy SOCIAL AWARENESS ○ Government ○ Health The ability to take the perspective of and empathize with 02 | CONFLICT THEORY others, including those from diverse backgrounds and cultures. Pioneered by Karl Marx DEFINITIONS OF SOCIETY Argues that society is marked by inherent conflicts between An organized group of individual ; always made of persons competing interests. and their groupings. The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class A collective entity that exists beyond the individual struggles. A system of interrelated parts , each performing a function In a society, there will be an oppressed and an oppressor. survival, order, and stability. Social change is the result of conflicts, which challenge the status quo. 03 | SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM TALCOTT PARSONS’S TYPES OF SOCIETY Pioneered by George Herbert Mead. Examines the interactions among individuals and how they interpret meaning in social contexts. TRADITIONAL SOCIETY Subjective experiences of individuals and the symbols they use in Typically characterized by simple, kinship-based structures. communication (e.g., language, gestures). Rooted in family ties and local communities, leading to a Humans interact with things based on meanings ascribed a certain strong sense of belonging and loyalty to these groups. symbol MODERN SOCIETY “Humans are meaning making machines Characterized by complex, differentiated social structures. CULTURE Extend beyond kinship ties to include diverse forms of social The way of life of a particular group of people at a particular time. organization, such as institutions, corporations, and professional Complex whole acquired by man as a member of society associations. VIEWS ON OTHER CULTURE 01 | ETHNOCENTRISM View that one’s own culture are dominant and superior to others (Brown, 2007). Look at other culture as inferior and unacceptable. 02 | XENOCENTRISM The belief that another culture is superior to one's own. Desire to engage on other’s culture than one's own. 03 | CULTURAL RELATIVISM Analysis of one’s own culture; seeing and understanding of one’s beliefs and traditions from his/her own point of view. ​ WEEK 4: THE ASPECTS OF CULTURE CULTURE ​ Complex whole includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, and custom acquired by man as a member of a society. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY The ‘use’ or ‘function’ of the beliefs, practices, customs and institution. Society consists of people​ Commonly inherited Society has likeness and diversity An organized body of conventional understandings manifest in art Society implies interdependence in which persisting through tradition, characterizes a human group Society is dynamic ​ ​ good luck.ᐟ.ᐟ `⎚⩊⎚´ -✧ | Page 2 UCSP made by @ori 2ND QUARTER | WEEK 1-6​ SYMBOLS HERBERT SPENCER The basis of culture. Popularized Social Darwinism or "survival of the fittest". An object, word, or action that stands for something else with Stated that certain races and ethnicities are superior to others , no natural relationship that is culturally defined. thus have more chance of survival and more power in a society HOMO Used to determine the species of human beings. TYPES OF SYMBOLS HOMINIDS The direct ancestors of homo species. 01 SOCIAL SYMBOLS Commonly used for communication STAGES OF HUMAN EVOLUTION Something people want to have or do because they think others will respect or admire them for it. 01​| AUSTRALOPITHECUS 02 POLITICAL SYMBOLS ​ The first definite hominids, lived 4.4 million to 1.4 Used to represent a political standpoint million years ago. The symbolism can occur in various media including banners, ​ Fully bipedal acronyms, pictures, mottos, and countless more 02​| HOMO HABILIS ​ Handy man 03 ECONOMIC SYMBOLS ​ Larger brain and smaller teeth compared to the Used production, distribution, and consumption of goods and Australopithecus. services. ​ Earliest members of the genus Homo 03​| HOMO ERECTUS ​ Upright man CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE ​ Smaller and more primitive teeth than other Homos. ​ The known species to discover fire. 04​| HOMO SAPIENS 01 Culture is learned ​ Modern man It is not something that is genetic ​ Larger brain, rounded skull, smaller face and teeth, and It should be acquired through immersion and tradition. advanced cognitive abilities. 02 Culture is shared 05| HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS ​ Modern homo sapiens It is like a contagious disease that spreads from one person to ​ Anatomically modern humans with highly developed another. cognitive and linguistic abilities. It can be transmitted in various forms. 03 Culture is symbolic STAGES OF HUMAN SOCIETY It is arbitrary , people decide on the meaning of a symbol; Language, icons, and gesture. LEWIS H. MORGAN 04 Culture is integrative ​ Well-known for his theory of social evolution. Complex system , made up of many parts that are ​ Categorized human societies into three major stages interconnected and related to each other 1. Savagery 2. Barbarism 3. Civilization. 05 Culture is dynamic SAVAGERY They change all the time, every day, in subtle, and tangible ​ Historically described as primitive or undeveloped stage of ways humans ​ Equated with a complete absence of law, order, and morality Provides proper opportunities for the satisfaction of our needs and desires ; both biological and social. BARBARISM ​ Historically known for the absence of culture and TYPES OF CULTURE civilization. ​ Early social and political structures CIVILIZATION 01 MATERIAL CULTURE ​ Characterized by its advanced development and Physical objects made or modified by a human. organization. 02 NON-MATERIAL CULTURE ​ Established complex governments, legal systems, Intangible elements (ideas, norms, beliefs, language) urban centers, class-based societies, and cultural 03 HIGH CULTURE institutions. Experienced by the most elite classes of individuals. 04 POPULAR CULTURE STAGES OF HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION Well-liked by many people, accessible to anyone 05 SUBCULTURE A group within a larger culture, often having beliefs at variance 01​PALEOLITHIC AGE ​ First and longest phase of human history. with those of the larger culture. ​ Simple and crude stone tools (hand axes, flakes) Otakus , goths, gymrats, furries, bikers, jejemons. ​ Nomadic hunter-gatherers ​ Created cave paintings 06 COUNTERCULTURE ​ Mastery of fire A movement that is in direct opposition to mainstream cultural 02​NEOLITHIC AGE norms. ​ Agricultural revolution ​ Pottery, weaving, and polished tools WEEK 5: SOCIOCULTURAL AND POLITICAL EVOLUTION: ​ Permanent settlements and early villages ​ Domesticated animals DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY 03​BRONZE AGE ​ Used of bronze tools and weapons HUMAN EVOLUTION ​ Urbanization , trade networks The process of change and development in human beings over ​ Development of writing systems (e.g., cuneiform, time, both biologically and culturally. hieroglyphs) ​ Rise of early civilizations Revolutionary process leading to the appearance of modern-day humans. ​ ​ good luck.ᐟ.ᐟ `⎚⩊⎚´ -✧ | Page 3 UCSP made by @ori 2ND QUARTER | WEEK 1-6​ 04​IRON AGE accepted conventions or standards. ​ Discovery of metallurgy ​ Expansion of warfare ​ Established larger kingdoms and empires SOCIAL SANCTIONS ​ Improved agricultural practices ​ Mechanisms of social control 05​ANCIENT HISTORY ​ Regulates the conformity of social norms by imposing ​ Rise of classical civilizations ​ Written history began punishments: can be either informal or formal. ​ Complex political systems, trade, art, and philosophy INFORMAL SANCTIONS FORMAL SANCTIONS ​ Major world religions began ​ Gossips​ ​ - Fine DEMOCRATIZATION ​ Ridicule ​ ​ - Expulsion ​ The transition to a more democratic political regime, ​ Disapproval​ - Termination including substantive political changes moving in a ​ Deprivation ​ - Imprisonment democratic direction. ​ Criticism​ ​ - Death ​ From authoritarian to democratic. ​ ​ ​ - Ostracization ​ highest human achievement in political development because it gives the people a collective. ​ The idea of democracy originated in ancient Greece. DEVIANCE ​ Violation of social norms whether folkways, mores, and laws. ​ It can be based on social context ; has positive or negative WEEK 6: SOCIAL PROCESSES AND CONFORMITY implications. SOCIALIZATION ROBERT K. MERTON ​ A major contributor to the subfield of criminology. ​ A means to become a member of a society. ​ Argued that society may be set up in a way that encourages ​ Occurs through social interaction and transmission of too much deviance. culture in a particular group (Hunt, 1982). INSTITUTIONALIZED MEANS ​ How the society achieves it SOCIAL PROCESSES CULTURAL GOALS ​ What society wants to achieve 01 ENCULTURATION CONFORMITY ​ The process by which individuals learn their own culture. ​ ACCEPT GOALS ACCEPT MEANS ​ Happens naturally within one’s own cultural group, often Example: A typical student college consistently attends their classes while unconsciously. complying with the needed course requirements to graduate. 02 ACCULTURATION RITUALISM ​ The process by which individuals adapt to the influence of ​ REJECT GOALS ACCEPT MEANS another culture by borrowing many of its aspects. Example: A student become indifferent with the idea of a college degree as 03 ASSIMILATION a pathway to success. While they no longer believe it will improve their ​ The process by which individuals fully absorb the culture of future, they still dutifully attend classes and submit requirement without a dominant group, often losing or significantly altering their any passion or ambition for what opportunities does their degree has to original cultural identity. offer. 04 ACCOMODATION INNOVATION ​ The process by which individuals adjust their behavior and ​ ACCEPT GOALS REJECT MEANS practices to fit into a new cultural or social environment Example: A typical student college consistently attends their classes while without losing their distinct cultural identity. complying with the needed course requirements to graduate. CONFORMITY NORMS ​ ACCEPT GOALS ACCEPT MEANS ​ Socially accepted rules or standards of behavior that guide Example: A student wants a college degree for a secured career life but how individuals are expected to act. finds the process of attending classes and submitting requirements too ​ Rules that govern behavior in particular contexts vexing. Instead of following the usual path, they studied carefully how to forge fool-proof credentials such as TORs and diploma. He conned his way TYPES OF NORMS into career success without attending college. RETREATISM FOLKWAYS ​ REJECT GOALS REJECT MEANS ​ Informal norms or day-to-day customs that govern casual Example: A dropped out of college after struggling academically and interactions emotionally. No longer interested in obtaining a degree or following the ​ Violating folkways is considered: rude or inappropriate institutionalized means of attending college. No social life, no ambition; MORES isolated in his room doing nothing but play video games and watch anime. ​ Strongly held norms that are regarded as essential for the Eventually he took his own life due to hopelessness. welfare of the society and are linked to its core values. REBELLION ​ Violating mores is considered: morally bad or ethically ​ NEW GOALS NEW MEANS wrong Example: A student decided to drop out from college choosing to achieve LAWS success without pursuing conventional academic or career goals. They ​ Formal norms that are written down and enforced by official started selling drugs and scammed people through gambling. Their dream bodies like governments or authorities. is to become one of the most respected drug kingpin within his turf. ​ Violating laws is considered: illegal or a crime TABOOS ​ Behaviors that are considered extremely offensive or even unthinkable in a culture. ​ Example: cannibalism, incest, bestiality, blasphemy CONFORMITY ​ Compliance with the social norms. ​ The act of being like-minded in accordance with socially ​ ​ good luck.ᐟ.ᐟ `⎚⩊⎚´ -✧ | Page 4 UCSP made by @ori 2ND QUARTER | WEEK 1-6​ ​ ​ good luck.ᐟ.ᐟ `⎚⩊⎚´ -✧ | Page 5