Typical Development 2022 PDF

TYPICAL DEVOLPMENT Idaho State University College of Technology Lindsey Pratt, PTA  Basic Assessment requires understanding of Typical and Atypical Growth and Development Many variations in the literature Information is based on generally accepted timeliness taken from differe...

TYPICAL DEVOLPMENT Idaho State University College of Technology Lindsey Pratt, PTA  Basic Assessment requires understanding of Typical and Atypical Growth and Development Many variations in the literature Information is based on generally accepted timeliness taken from different tests/texts TYPICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT KEY MOTOR MILESTONES Typical Growth and Development (GROSS MOTOR) Milestones are activities that a typically developing child reaches at certain chronological stages. They are used for testing a child's motor and mental progress. Development doesn't proceed in a linear sequence of separate milestones( everything developing together). Typical Growth and Development (GROSS MOTOR) In a child without disability, milestones and typical motor patterns are fairly predictable. In a child with a disability, milestones and atypical motor patterns are less predictable. Why?  GENERAL INFORMATION Babies fight gravity Development is a continuous process Related to the maturity of the nervous system Cephalo-caudal; proximal to distal; gross motor to fine motor  GENERAL INFORMATION All sensory systems, tactile, proprioceptive, kinesthetic, visual, hearing, and vestibular, are involved in sensorimotor development Repetition refines movement Creeping vs Crawling  BASIC MILESTONES 1 MONTH Lifts head to clear face Random Body Movements Physiological Flexion  BASIC MILESTONES 2 MONTHS Support prone on elbows with wide base Tendency toward mass patterns lower extremities  BASIC MILESTONES 3 - 4 MONTHS Increased extensor tone in neck and arms Prone on elbows with elbows under shoulders Midline positioning of upper extremities Tendency for reciprocal motion of lower extremities Prone, head up to 90 degrees  BASIC MILESTONES 5 MONTHS Prone on hands, Pelvis flat Sitting will prop on forearms  BASIC MILESTONES 6 MONTHS When placed in sitting will play with objects Rolls both ways Pivot Prone Prone on hands with weight shift Extension complete Transfers Objects in hands Perfecting rotation  BASIC MILESTONES 7 - 9 MONTHS In and out of sitting Quadriped Creeping  BASIC MILESTONES 10 MONTHS Pulling up on objects Weight shift in standing  BASIC MILESTONES 11 - 12 MONTHS Cruising Independent Standing Balance Fine Pincer  BASIC MILESTONES 13 - 14 MONTHS Independent Ambulation  General Skills from 18 to 40 mos 18 MONTHS Walks up stairs with assist Climbs on chairs Throws ball and feeds self Cooperates with dressing Still dependent on care taker  General Skills from 18 to 40 mos 24 MONTHS Runs well Walks up and down stairs alone Kicks ball Loves to run Locomotion and posture being perfected 30 MONTHS Jumps with both feet off floor Tries to stand on one foot.  General Skills from 18 to 40 mos 36 MONTHS Alternates feet going up steps Jumps from bottom step Rides tricycle 40 MONTHS Walks down step Skips on one foot Jumps Throws ball overhead  Neonate Prone Dominated by physiological flexion Head to either side UE adducted flexed Pelvis high Random movements  Neonate Supine Flexed Head to side Hands fisted LE flexed, abducted, ext. rotated (frog leg) DF to ant leg Random  Neonate Pull to sit Complete head lag Sitting No head control-head flops forward Completely rounded back Standing Neonatal or primary standing Automatic walking *  1 Month Prone Lifts head to clear face Decreased Flexion Decreased hip flexion Pelvis lower to mat Head turning higher able to clear face easier  1 Month Supine Head further to side LE increased extension Still random movements  1 Month PTS Still complete head lag Sitting Attempts to lift head Rounded back Pelvis perpendicular Standing Will take some weight but not all  1 Month Hand Tightly clasped using palmer reflex Language Small throaty sounds *  2 Months Prone Decreased flexion Head up to 45 degrees UE increased ext. rot. and Abd. -weight on outstretched hands and forearms Pelvis lower  2 Months Supine Head more to the side rarely in midline UE move away from the body LE decreased hip flexion -feet more on the mat surface Movements turning more to mass patterns  2 Months PTS Attempts to assist Less head lag Sitting Head bobbing Still rounded back but child has neck ext Standing Astasia abasia -motor incoordination-feet poorly oriented, may take no weight -head up  2 Months Hands Approached object from ulnar side Begins raking at objects Language Child will turn head towards sound Will attempt to reach for bell *  3 Months Prone Head up to 90 degrees Weight on elbows Pelvis flat on mat  3 Months Supine Head close to midline but can move to either side Visual convergence Upper Extremity -come together on chest -pull at clothing Lower Extremity -mass pattern movements -frog legged -feet together  3 Months PTS Mild head lag SCM coming into play Increased desire to right head UE assist Sitting Head is held up Increased back ext. (About half way) Pushes back into ext.  3 Months Standing Will begin to take some weight again Lower Extremity -abduction, ext. rot. -hips behind shoulders -toes curled  3 Months Hands Loosely closed Ulnar palmer grasp Language Coos and chuckles *  4 MONTHS (CRITICAL MONTH FOR MIDLINE) Diminished ATNR Begin Landau Prone Increased ext. Head up in midline Chest lifted off mat Forearm wt bearing, proprioception in shoulders Lower Extremity -aligned with trunk -pelvic wt shift Rolls to side accidentally  4 MONTHS (CRITICAL MONTH FOR MIDLINE) Supine Good midline orientation of head Upper Extremity -hands together in space -hands to knees Lower Extremity -increase ant. pelvic tilt -random pushing with LE  4 MONTHS (CRITICAL MONTH FOR MIDLINE) PTS Anticipates pull Head kept in midline Some abdominal activity Some LE activity Sitting Head stable Almost complete back ext Pelvis less perpendicular  4 MONTHS (CRITICAL MONTH FOR MIDLINE) Standing Can be held by arms Lower Extremity -not stiff -increased toe curling Hands Beginning Palmer grasp *  5 Months General Body righting on BODY Beginning prone equilibrium Prone Ext. into low back and hips Extended arm wt bearing Chest elevated Forearm weight shift-ability to reach out Lower Extremity -in line with trunk -swimming seen Accidentally rolls to supine  5 Months Supine Increased flexor control Feet to mouth Rolls supine to side PTS No head lag Initiates chin tuck, arm pull (Traction)  5 Months Sitting Good head control Can lean forward and prop Tailor sits while propping forward Hands Palmer grasp *  6 Months (Rotation) General Equilibrium reactions complete in prone Complete spinal and hip extension Prone Weight shifts on extended arms Rolls prone to supine Beginning pivot prone activities  6 Months (Rotation) Supine Increased flexion against gravity Lifts head Reaches for objects Towards end will roll supine to prone Upper and Lower extremity dissociation from trunk PTS Pulls with UE's  6 Months (Rotation) Sitting Trunk control Back straight Beginning hip control Standing Takes full weight Hands can be held  6 Months (Rotation) Hand Strong palmer group Pronation Language Will try to find hidden sounds *  7 Months General Equilibrium reactions in supine and prone Protective ext. to the sides Prone Development of postural lordosis Beginning quadruped and rocking Good pivot prone Beginning low crawling activities UE's-pull and weight shift LE’s-weight shift  7 Months Supine Does not like this position anymore PTS Bid this category good-bye child does alone Sitting Towards the end can usually assume from quadruped Lateral pelvic weight shift Protective extension to the side Trunk rotation Goes from sitting to prone  7 Months Side Lying Enjoys this position Standing Pulls self to the standing position Hands Radial Palmer grasp/Three jaws chuck Language Vowel sounds (a, o, e) *  8 Months General Equilibrium in sitting complete Prone Creeps on hands and knees Sitting In and out of sitting without problems Good weight shift control Will pick up small objects three jaw chuck  8 Months Sidelying Plays Standing Pulls to stand by half kneeling Stands holding onto one hand Walking Stepping gait with two hands held  8 Months Hands Thumb index finger/inferior pincer grasp Language Consonant Sounds *  9 - 10 Months General Equilibrium reactions in quadruped Protective extension backwards Prone Reciprocal creeping Kneels by furniture Sitting Plays in high sidelying Rotates from sidelying-sit-quadraped-sit  9 - 10 Months Standing Plays in standing Down from standing Walking With hands held Cruising sideways Hands Fine pincer developing Language Mamma and Dada or other single words *  11 Months Prone Does not stay in this position Sitting Can bench sit and can get out of this position Standing Controlled lowering to floor Stands holding with one hand  11 Months Walking With hands held Walks facing forward Doesn't like help with walking Language Associates actions to words Can follow one part commands *  12 Months Standing Beginning equilibrium-matured at 13 months Stands alone Comes to standing alone Squats Walking Walks with one hand held May take a few steps alone *  13-14 Months Independent Ambulation QUESTIONS? YOU GUESS?