Infant Motor Development Milestones
39 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What signs of development in a 5-month-old indicate increased flexor control?

  • Feet to mouth. (correct)
  • Rolls supine to side.
  • Initiates chin tuck, arm pull (Traction).
  • Extended arm weight bearing.

    • What is a key developmental milestone in prone position at 6 months?

  • Weight shifts on extended arms.
  • Rolls prone to supine.
  • Beginning pivot prone activities.
  • All of the above. (correct)

    • What is the primary development occurring in 6-month-old infants in the sitting position?

  • Trunk control. (correct)
  • Takes full weight.
  • Strong Palmer group.
  • Equilibrium reactions.

    • Which of these signs indicate the development of equilibrium reactions at 7 months?

    <p>Protective extension. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental milestone is associated with developing strength in the palmer group in 6-month-old infants?

    <p>Pronation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using developmental milestones?

    <p>To test a child's motor and mental progress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of motor development in typically developing children?

    <p>Milestones and typical motor patterns are fairly predictable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the predictability of milestones typically differ between children with and without disabilities?

    <p>Milestones are less predictable in children with disabilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing a child's progress, why is it important to understand typical growth and development?

    <p>To identify if a child is developing at the expected pace, and may require intervention. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about variations in the literature regarding growth and development?

    <p>There are many variations present in the literature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the progression of motor development?

    <p>Gross motor to fine motor, proximal to distal, cephalo-caudal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does a child typically begin to demonstrate the ability to transfer objects hand-to-hand?

    <p>6 Months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a neonate in the prone position?

    <p>Pelvis low to the surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age would a child typically be expected to be able to jump with both feet off the floor?

    <p>30 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following BEST describes the characteristic of a 2-month-old infant's prone position?

    <p>Support prone on elbows with wide base (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical order of progression of mobility skills?

    <p>Rolling both ways, pivoting prone, creeping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following skills would you expect a child to have before they begin cruising?

    <p>Sitting in and out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the role of repetition during sensorimotor development?

    <p>Repetition refines movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key milestone is significant during the 4-month development stage related to head orientation?

    <p>Good midline orientation of head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grasp begins to develop around 4 months of age?

    <p>Palmer grasp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is noted in the 4-month milestone for infants when in prone position?

    <p>Increased head control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What posture feature is observed in infants at 4 months when they are held in standing?

    <p>Increased toe curling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral change is noted in infants during pull to sit (PTS) at 4 months?

    <p>Anticipation of pull (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a neonate's sitting position?

    <p>Head flops forward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At 1 month of age, what is the position of the lower extremities when in the supine position?

    <p>Random movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a developmental milestone observed in a 2-month-old in the prone position?

    <p>Head up to 45 degrees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the hand actions of a 2-month-old?

    <p>Uses ulnar side to approach objects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the head control ability of a 3-month-old when in the pull to sit position?

    <p>Mild head lag (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children begin to show visual convergence?

    <p>3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines astasia-abasia in a 2-month-old during standing?

    <p>Motor incoordination with poorly oriented feet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the lower extremity position of a 3-month-old in supine?

    <p>Flexed in a frog-legged position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At 8 months, which activity can the child perform without problems?

    <p>Pulling to a stand by half kneeling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demonstrates a significant developmental milestone for a child at 11 months?

    <p>Controlled lowering to the floor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grasping technique is typical for a child at 8 months?

    <p>Thumb index finger/inferior pincer grasp (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would a child at 9-10 months typically display in standing?

    <p>Cruising sideways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which age does a child begin to enjoy side lying as a position?

    <p>7 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What language development milestone is expected for a child at 9-10 months?

    <p>Mamma and Dada or other single words (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a child's sitting ability at 7 months?

    <p>Uses lateral pelvic weight shift (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a child typically show in walking ability at 12 months?

    <p>May take a few steps alone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What are developmental milestones?

    Activities that a typically developing child reaches at certain ages. Used for testing a child's motor and mental progress.

    Is development linear?

    Development proceeds at different rates for different skills.

    What is typical development?

    Milestones and motor patterns are predictable.

    What is atypical development?

    Milestones and motor patterns are less predictable.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Why are milestones less predictable in children with disabilities?

    Because the development of motor skills and milestones is not linear.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Midline Orientation

    The ability to maintain the head in the middle line (center) when in a lying position.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    ATNR - Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

    A reflex that decreases with development. When the head is turned to the side, the arm on the same side extends and the other arm flexes. This reflex is important for developing midline orientation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Landau Reflex

    A reflex that emerges around 4 months. When the baby is held horizontally, the arms and legs extend with head up and a straight body.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Prone Equilibrium

    The ability to control the body and maintain balance in different positions, especially when in the prone (on the stomach) position.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Proprioception

    The ability to move the body in response to what the body is feeling, such as pressure or resistance. This is essential for developing motor skills and understanding the body.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sensorimotor Development

    The development of motor skills in infants, starting from simple movements and progressing to more complex ones.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cephalo-caudal Development

    The pattern of motor development follows a specific sequence, starting from the head and moving down to the feet.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Proximal to Distal Development

    The development of motor skills progresses from the center of the body outwards. For example, a baby learns to control the movements of their arms before their fingers.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gross Motor to Fine Motor Development

    The process of motor development starts with large muscle movements, like crawling, and then progresses to finer movements, like grasping objects.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Repetition in Motor Development

    Repetitive practice helps the baby refine their motor skills, making them more precise and controlled.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Physiological Flexion in Newborns

    The tendency for a newborn baby to show a flexed position with arms and legs close to the body due to the dominance of flexor muscles.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Reciprocal Motion of Extremities

    The ability to move the arms and legs in a coordinated way, alternating between flexion and extension.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Creeping

    A developmental milestone where the baby learns to move on all fours and progress forward using their arms and legs.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Moro Reflex

    A reflex present at birth where a baby automatically extends their arms and legs when startled or surprised.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Palmar Grasp Reflex

    A reflex present at birth where a baby automatically grasps an object placed in their palm.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Rooting Reflex

    A reflex present at birth where a baby automatically turns their head towards a touch on their cheek.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Babinski Reflex

    A reflex present at birth where a baby automatically extends their leg when the sole of their foot is stroked.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Head Control

    The ability to control the head's movement in space

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sitting

    The ability to sit with a straight back and support oneself.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Standing

    The ability to stand with support and maintain balance.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Mass Patterns

    The coordinated movement of arms and legs in a rhythmical pattern.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    No Head Lag

    The baby can hold their head up without it drooping back. This is a sign of good neck and head control.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Upper and Lower Extremity Dissociation from Trunk

    The child can move one arm without the other arm moving. This shows they are gaining independent control of their arms.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pulls with UE's

    The infant can use their hands to pull themselves up to a sitting position. This shows strength and coordination.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Rolls Prone to Supine

    The infant can roll from their tummy to their back. This is an important developmental milestone, showing they have gained balance and coordination.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Trunk Control in Sitting

    The child can sit upright with a straight back. This shows they are able to control their core muscles and maintain balance.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Reciprocal Creeping

    Refers to a baby's ability to move forward on their hands and knees with coordinated alternating movements of arms and legs.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Rotates from Sidelying-Sitting-Quadruped-Sitting

    Refers to the baby's ability to switch between sitting, quadruped (on all fours), and side-lying positions with control and ease.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cruising Sideways

    A baby's ability to move forward while holding onto furniture or walls.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Fine Pincer Development

    This refers to the baby's ability to bring their thumb and index finger together to pick up small objects with precision.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Controlled Lowering To Floor

    The ability to control the body and maintain balance while standing and lowering to the floor.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Typical Development

    • The presentation is about typical development.
    • It covers milestones in gross motor skill development.
    • The information is based on generally accepted timelines from various tests and texts.

    General Information

    • Babies actively work against gravity during development.
    • Development is an ongoing process.
    • Development is linked to the maturity of the nervous system.
    • Development follows a sequence: cephalo-caudal (head to tail), proximal to distal (near to far), and gross motor to fine motor skills.
    • Multiple sensory systems (tactile, proprioceptive, kinesthetic, visual, auditory, and vestibular) contribute to sensorimotor development.
    • Repetitive movement helps refine development.

    Key Motor Milestones

    • Milestones are actions a typical child achieves at specific ages.
    • Milestones assess motor and mental development.
    • Development is holistic; milestones aren't separate events; but build upon each other.

    Typical Development and Disability

    • Milestones and motor patterns in typical children are somewhat predictable.
    • Predictability of milestones and patterns is reduced when a child has a disability.

    Basic Milestones (1-2 months)

    • 1 Month: Lifts head to clear face; physiological flexion; random body movements.
    • 2 Months: Supports prone on elbows with a wide base; tendency toward mass patterns in lower extremities.

    Basic Milestones (3-4 months)

    • 3-4 Months: Increased extensor tone in neck and arms; prone on elbows with elbows under shoulders; midline positioning of upper extremities; tendency toward reciprocal motion of lower extremities; head up to 90 degrees prone.

    Basic Milestones (5 Months)

    • 5 Months: Prone on hands with a flat pelvis; can prop themselves up in a sitting position using their forearms.

    Basic Milestones (6 Months)

    • 6 Months: Rolls both ways; prone on hands with weight shift; extension complete; transfers objects with hands; perfects rotation.

    Basic Milestones (7-9 Months)

    • 7-9 Months: In and out of sitting positions; quadruped creeping.

    Basic Milestones (10 Months)

    • 10 Months: Pulls up on objects; shifts weight while standing.

    Basic Milestones (11-12 Months)

    • 11-12 Months: Cruising, independent standing balance; fine pincer movements (picking up small objects between thumb and forefinger)

    Basic Milestones (13-14 Months)

    • 13-14 Months: Independent ambulation (walking).

    General Skills (18-40 Months)

    • 18 Months: Walks up stairs with assistance; climbs on chairs; throws a ball and feeds themselves; cooperates with dressing; still dependent on caregivers.
    • 24 Months: Runs well; walks up and down stairs independently; kicks a ball; enjoys running; locomotion and posture are becoming more refined.
    • 30 Months: Jumps with both feet off the floor; attempts to balance on one foot.
    • 36 Months: Alternates feet going up steps; jumps from a step; rides a tricycle
    • 40 Months: Walks down stairs; skips; jumps; throws a ball overhead.

    Neonate (Newborn)

    • Prone: Dominated by physiological flexion; head can move to either side; upper extremities are adducted and flexed; pelvis is positioned high; random movements.
    • Supine: Flexed; head moves to one side; upper extremities flexed, abducted, externally rotated; lower extremities flexed; random movements.
    • Pull to Sit: Complete head lag; Difficulty staying in a sitting position; head flops forward; back is rounded; pelvis is slightly perpendicular to the ground.
    • Sitting: Difficulty sitting unsupported; rounded spine; head control is still developing.
    • Standing: Neonatal or primary standing position; automatic walking reflex.

    1 Month

    • Prone: Lifts head to clear the face; decreased flexion; decreased hip flexion; lower pelvis; increased head turning for better view.
    • Supine: Head turns further to the side; increased extension in lower extremities; still random movements
    • PTS (Positioning and Tone and Support): Complete head lag; attempts to lift head in sitting positions; rounded back; perpendicular pelvis.
    • Hand: Tightly clasped using palmer reflex.
    • Language: Small throat sounds.

    2 Months

    • Prone: Decreased flexion; head up to 45 degrees; weight on outstretched hands and forearms; lower pelvis.
    • Supine: Head more to the side, rarely in midline; upper extremities move away from the body; lower extremities have decreased hip flexion; feet are more on the mat surface; mass patterns of movements begin to emerge.
    • PTS: Attempts to assist; less head lag.
    • Sitting: Head bobbing; still rounded back; starts to extend neck.
    • Standing: Performs astasia abasia (inability or reluctance to stand) due to motor incoordination and poorly oriented feet; Difficulty maintaining balance; head up when supported.
    • Hands: Approaching objects from the ulnar side; raking at objects.
    • Language: Turns head toward sound; attempts to reach for bells.

    3 Months

    • Prone: Head up to 90 degrees; weight on elbows; pelvis flat on mat.
    • Supine: Head close to midline but can move to either side; visual convergence of upper extremities; arms come together on chest/lower extremities pull at clothing; mass pattern movements; frog-legged position with feet together; upper extremities moving closer to chest
    • PTS: Mild head lag; increased desire to bring head up; SCM starting to engage; use of upper extremities to assist in posture
    • Sitting: Head is held up; increases back extension; pushes back into extension.
    • Standing: Will begin to bear more weight; lower extremities (abduction, external rotation with hips behind shoulders); and toes curled.
    • Hands: Loosely closed; ulnar palmer grasp.
    • Language: Coos and chuckles.

    4 Months

    • Prone: Increased extension; head kept in midline; chest lifted off mat; forearm weight bearing; proprioception in shoulders; lower extremities aligned; weight shift with pelvis; accidental rolls to the side
    • Supine: Good midline orientation of head; upper extremities together in space; lower extremities with increased anterior pelvic tilt; random pushing with lower extremities
    • PTS: Anticipates pull; head kept in midline; abdominal and lower extremity activity
    • Sitting: Head stable in sitting positions; almost complete back extension; pelvis is slightly less perpendicular from the ground.
    • Standing: Can be held by arms; lower extremities are not stiff; significant toe curling
    • Hands: Beginning palmar grasp.

    5 Months

    • General: Body righting; the beginning of prone equilibrium; extension involves low back and hips; extended arms support weight. Chest elevated; forearm weight shift enables reaching
    • Prone: Extension into low back and hips; extended arm weight bearing; chest elevated; forearm weight shift enables reaching out; lower extremities in line with trunk; swimming movements; accidental rolls to supine;
    • Supine: Increased flexor control; feet to mouth movements/Rolls supine to side
    • PTS: No head lag; initiates chin tuck, arm pull (traction)
    • Sitting: Good head control; can lean forward and prop; sits in tailor-style while propping forward;
    • Hands: Palmer grasp.

    6 Months

    • General: Equilibrium reactions complete; spinal and hip extension; weights shifts on extended arms ; Rolls prone to supine ; Beginning pivot prone activities (moving from prone to other positions).
    • Supine: Increased flexion against gravity; head lifts and reaches to objects; will roll supine to prone ; Upper and lower extremities dissociate from trunk;
    • PTS: Pulls using UE’s
    • Sitting: Trunk control; back straight; beginning hip control.
    • Standing: Takes full weight; hands can be held.
    • Hand: Strong palmer grasp; pronation.
    • Language: Will attempt to find hidden sounds.

    7 Months

    • General: Equilibrium responses observed in supine and prone positions; protective extension sideways
    • Prone: Development of postural control; beginning quadruped movement (four limbs positioned on the ground); good pivot in prone position; beginnings of low creeping movements; UE’s participate with pulling and weight shifts; LE weight bearing through rocking and weight-shifting
    • Supine: Does not enjoy this position anymore; bid this category goodbye;
    • Sitting: Towards end of the 7th month, mostly can assume quadruped position to sit with Lateral weight shifts; protective extensions to the side; trunk rotations; transitions from sitting to prone
    • Standing: Pulls self into standing position;
    • Hands: Radial palmer grasp; three-jaw chuck
    • Language: Vowel sounds.

    8 Months

    • General: Equilibrium in sitting complete.
    • Prone: Creeps on hands and knees;
    • Sitting: In and out of sitting positions with ease; has good weight shift control; picks up small objects with three jaw chuck.
    • Standing: Pulls to stand by half kneeling; Stands while holding one hand.
    • Walking: Takes stepping gait movements; two hands are needed to assist walking.
    • Hands: Thumb-index finger/inferior pincer grasp.
    • Language: Consonant sounds.

    9-10 Months

    • General: Equilibrium reactions in quadruped;protective extension backwards
    • Prone: Reciprocal creeping; kneeling position near furniture;
    • Sitting: Plays in high side-lying; rotates from side-lying to sitting to quadruped-sitting positions.
    • Standing: Plays in standing position
    • Walking: Walks with hands held; moving sideways,
    • Hands: Developing fine pincer movements;
    • Language: Single words like "mama" and "dada."

    11 Months

    • Prone: Does not stay in this position;
    • Sitting: Can sit on bench-type seats in sitting positions and can easily get into and out of those positions;
    • Standing: Controlled lowering down to the floor; stands while holding one hand.
    • Walking: Walks while holding hands; walks forward independently; does not need assistance
    • Language: Associates actions with words; follows simple commands.

    12 Months

    • Standing: Beginning of equilibrium, fully mature at 13 months; stands alone; transitions between standing and different positions(squatting, bending)
    • Walking: Walking while holding one hand; independent steps, may take a few steps alone;
    • Other:

    13-14 Months

    • Independent ambulation (walking).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Typical Development 2022 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key motor development milestones for infants aged 5 to 7 months. This quiz covers essential signs of flexor control, sitting position development, and equilibrium reactions. Understand how typical growth and variations in development play a crucial role in assessing a child's progress.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser