Types of sentences.docx

**Sentence Structure and Types** - **Simple sentences** - **Compound sentences** - **Complex sentences** - **Compound complex sentences** - **Loose sentences** - **Run on sentences** - **Simple sentences** A simple sentence is a sentence that expresses only one thought, has...

**Sentence Structure and Types** - **Simple sentences** - **Compound sentences** - **Complex sentences** - **Compound complex sentences** - **Loose sentences** - **Run on sentences** - **Simple sentences** A simple sentence is a sentence that expresses only one thought, has one independent clause, & can stand alone. Commas are not used. *Examples:* - *He laughed**.*** - *It rained* - *He drinks coffee every morning* - *The company is very successful.* - *I study at Ajman University.* - *The cat is outside.* - *Can Johnny come out to play?* - *I will listen to the music.* A sentence may be elegant and lengthy, with multiple subjects, verbs, and modifiers, yet still be a ["simple"] sentence in grammatical terms if it contains only one *clause*, or *subject/verb* unit. A good example is the following sentence: - *Underlying **values** and operational **structures** often **[lie]** hidden beneath any workplace design*. - *Underlying **values** and operational **structures** often **[lie]** hidden but [remain] potent beneath any workplace design*. - **Compound sentences** A compound sentence is a sentence made up of two simple sentences or two independent clauses joined by a comma and the word ***and, but, or, nor, so, for, yet*** Examples: 1. She did not cheat on the test, **for** it was not the right thing to do 2. I think I will buy the red car, **or** I will lease the blue one. 3. I really want to go to work, **but** I am too sick to drive. 4. I am counting my calories, **yet** I really want dessert. 5. He ran out of money, **so** he had to stop playing poker. 6. They got there early, **and** they got really good seats. 7. There was no ice cream in the freezer, **nor** did they have money to go to the store. 8. Everyone was busy, **so** I went to the movie alone.. 9. Should we start class now, **or** should we wait for everyone to get here? 10. It was getting dark, **and** we weren't there yet. 11. Cats are good pets, **for** they are clean and not noisy. 12. We have never been to Asia**, nor** have we visited Africa. 13. He didn't want to go to the dentist, **yet** he went anyway. 14. The car was stuck in the mud for a long time**, and** the rain just kept falling. - ***Complex sentence*s** A [complex sentence](http://www.yourdictionary.com/complex-sentence) contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. An [independent clause](http://www.yourdictionary.com/independent-clause) can stand alone as a sentence and makes a complete thought and a [dependent clause](http://www.yourdictionary.com/dependent-clause#websters) cannot stand alone, even though it has a subject and a verb. 1. She returned the computer **after** she noticed it was damaged. 2. The museum was very interesting **as** I expected. 3. **After** he goes to the service station, he will go home. 4. **Before** John went to the store, he went to the bank 5. **Though** he was very rich, he was still very unhappy. 6. The actor was happy he got a part in a movie **although** the part was a small one. 7. **Because** my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave. 8. **When** the cost goes up, customers buy less clothing. 9. **As** she was bright and ambitious, she became manager in no time. 10. **Wherever** you go, you can always find beauty. 11. The movie**, though** it was long, was still very enjoyable. 12. **When** she was younger, she believed in fairy tales. 13. I have to save this coupon **because** I don't have time to shop right now. 14. I really didn't like the play **although** the acting was so good. - Often the complex sentence is accomplished by having the dependent clause- the one carrying the less important idea- follow a subordination conjunction or pronouns: *When it **[is used]** systematically, design **[becomes]** part of the root mechanism for healthy organizational growth & change.* Shown in the table below some subordination Conjunctions & Pronouns. **Conjunctions & Pronouns** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Time | Cause | opposition | condition | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | after | because | although | if | | | | | | | before | Since | though | unless | | | | | | | when | as | whereas | only if | | | | | | | since | in order that | even though | whether or not | | | | | | | while | now that | | even if | | | | | | | until | | | in case (that) | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ ---------------------------------------------------------- Relative pronouns : **Who/ whoever/ that / whom/ which** ---------------------------------------------------------- - **Compound complex sentences** - A compound-complex sentence is made from two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. - Although I like to go camping, I haven\'t had the time to go lately, and I haven\'t found anyone to go with. - independent clause: \"I haven\'t had the time to go lately\" - independent clause: \"I haven\'t found anyone to go with\" - dependent clause: \"Although I like to go camping\... \" - *We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong*. - independent clause: \"We decided that the movie was too violent\" - independent clause: \"(but) our children thought that we were wrong\" - dependent clause: who like to watch scary movies. \- *The store carries lots of grocery types of items, and it has other* *services because it is the only store in the small town*. - **Loose sentences** "Loose" doesn't mean poorly written or lacking in structure. Rather, it refers to the type of sentence that has the major point presented at the front of the sentence , i.e. the major point is made at the beginning of a loose sentence & then developed & modified by phrases and clauses : *[Students] throughout this country soon [learn] to converse comfortably in the arcane but richly fascinating language of architecture that has developed over the centuries.* - **Run on sentences/ Comma Splice** A run-on, or fused sentence is a kind of sentence that occurs when two independent clauses are written as one sentence with no punctuation : *- The sun is high, put on some sunscreen ( X )* *The sun is high,* *so put on some sunscreen ( √ )* *- The local tire plant shut down for the holiday, as a result,* *everyone had two weeks off. ( X )* Such run-ons can be corrected in two ways**:** 1. Use period to make two complete sentences*.* *- The local tire plant shut down for the holiday. As a result,* *everyone had two weeks off. ( √ )* 2. Use a semicolon between the two clauses *- The local tire plant shut down for the holiday; as a result* 3. *This computer doesn\'t make sense to me, it came without a manual. ( X )* *This computer doesn\'t make sense to me. It came without a* *manual.( √ )*