Types of Chemical Reactions

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

Which family of elements is characterized by having eight valence electrons?

  • Noble gases (correct)
  • Alkali metals
  • Halogens
  • Alkaline Earth metals

What charge does an aluminum ion carry after losing three electrons?

  • +3 (correct)
  • 0
  • +1
  • +2

Which of the following statements about protons and electrons is correct?

  • Protons are negatively charged and electrons are positively charged.
  • Protons and electrons are present in equal numbers in neutral atoms. (correct)
  • All atoms have more protons than electrons.
  • Electrons have a higher mass than protons.

Which of the following elements is the most reactive non-metal?

<p>Fluorine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the charge of the nucleus of an atom?

<p>Protons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons do halogens have?

<p>Seven (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ion name and symbol for a sulfur ion that has gained two electrons?

<p>Sulfur ion, S2- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines a multivalent element?

<p>An element with multiple possible ion charges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is covalent?

<p>Diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of metals on the periodic table?

<p>They are typically conductive and malleable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element has an atomic number of 55?

<p>Cesium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table?

<p>Periods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four chemical families discussed in Science 9?

<p>Alkali metals, Alkaline earth metals, Halogens, Noble gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons does Selenium have?

<p>34 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between atomic number and electrons in a neutral atom?

<p>Atomic number is equal to the number of protons and electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the following atomic configuration: 34 protons, 45 neutrons?

<p>Selenium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Unreactive & Stable Family

Noble gases are unreactive and stable due to having a full outer electron shell (8 valence electrons).

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, involved in chemical bonding.

Alkali Metals Valence Electrons

One valence electron.

Alkaline Earth Valence Electrons

Two valence electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Halogens Valence Electrons

Seven valence electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Noble Gases Valence Electrons

Eight valence electrons (except Helium, which has 2).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Losing Two Electrons Charge

A +2 charge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Most Reactive Metal

Cesium, an alkali metal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Most Reactive Nonmetal

Fluorine, a halogen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subatomic Particle Charges

Protons are positive, electrons are negative, and neutrons are neutral.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleus Charge Determination

Protons determine the positive charge of the nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Equal Subatomic Particles

Atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Multivalent Ion

An ion that can have more than one possible charge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ionic Bonds

Chemical bonds formed between a metal and a nonmetal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Covalent Bonds

Chemical bonds formed between nonmetals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Selenium difluoride

A compound formed from selenium and fluorine, covalently bonded.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Magnesium Phosphide

A compound formed from magnesium and phosphorus, ionically bonded.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Periodic Table Groups

Vertical columns on the periodic table, representing elements with similar chemical properties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Periodic Table Periods

Horizontal rows on the periodic table, representing increasing atomic number.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alkali Metals

Highly reactive metals in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alkaline Earth Metals

Reactive metals in Group 2 of the periodic table.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transition Metals

Metals in the center of the periodic table.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Halogens

Highly reactive nonmetals in Group 17 of the periodic table.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Noble Gases

Nonreactive gases in Group 18 of the periodic table.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metals

Elements on the left side of the periodic table that are often shiny, conductive, and malleable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nonmetals

Elements on the right side of the periodic table, often not shiny, not conductive, and brittle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metalloids

Elements along the staircase on the periodic table, with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atomic Symbol

The abbreviation for an element.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Protons

Positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electrons

Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Types of Reactions

  • Synthesis: Two elements combine to form one compound (A + B → AB)
  • Decomposition: A compound breaks down into two or more elements or simpler compounds (AB → A + B)
  • Single Replacement: One element replaces another element in a compound (AB + C → AC + B or AB + C → CB + A)
  • Double Replacement: The positive ions of two compounds switch places (AB + CD → AD + CB)
  • Acid-Base Neutralization: An acid and a base react to form a salt and water (HA + BOH → Hâ‚‚O + BA)
  • Combustion: A substance reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water (CxHy + Oâ‚‚ → COâ‚‚ + Hâ‚‚O)

Identification of Reactions

  • Na3PO4 + 3KOH → 3NaOH + K3PO4: Double replacement
  • MgCl2 + Li2CO3 → MgCO3 + 2LiCl: Double replacement
  • C6H12 + 9O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O: Combustion
  • Pb + FeSO4 → PbSO4 + Fe: Single replacement
  • CaCO3 → CaO + CO2: Decomposition
  • P4 + 3O2 → 2P2O3: Synthesis
  • 2RbNO3 + BeF2 → Be(NO3)2 + 2RbF: Double replacement
  • 2AgNO3 + Cu → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag: Single replacement
  • C3H6O + 4O2 → 3CO2 + 3H2O: Combustion
  • 2C5H5 + Fe → Fe(C5H5)2: Synthesis
  • SeCl6 + O2 → SeO2 + 3Cl2: Double replacement
  • 2MgI2 + Mn(SO3)2 → 2MgSO3 + MnI4: Double replacement
  • 2SO3 → 2S + 3O2: Decomposition
  • 2NO2 → 2O2 + N2: Decomposition

Acid-Base Reactions

  • Acids: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH
  • Bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, NH3, H3PO4
  • Acid-base reaction examples: HCI + NaOH → NaCl + H2O, H2SO4 + KOH → K2SO4 + H2O, HNO3 + NH3 → NH4NO3
  • products of acid-base reaction: Salt + Water

Lewis Diagrams & Diagrams of lonic Compounds

  • Lewis diagrams: show only an atom's valence electrons, also called Lewis Structure or electron dot diagram
  • Bohr diagrams show all electrons an atom has

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Science 10 Chemistry Unit Review - PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Open
Browser
Browser