TVE 12- CSS 1ST SEMESTER FINALS MODULE 5 (FERNANDEZ) PDF

12 Quarter 2 Module 5 IP Addressing Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such...

12 Quarter 2 Module 5 IP Addressing Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE Welcome to the TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL LIVELIHOOD 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on (CSS) COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II. This module was designed and developed to assist, in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: For the learner: Welcome to the TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL LIVELIHOOD 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on (CSS) COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II. The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.  5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!  What I Need to Know INTRODUCTION / LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this module you will learn information about IP addressing and its components. Know the difference between dynamic and static IP address. It is expected that learners already know the network media, the different network tool, and basic number system for configuring correct IP address. [ What I Know Now, to start with this module, let us determine how much you already know about IP addressing. Direction: True or False. Read each statement below and answer true or false. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. ______ 1. In IP addressing it is best that you know the Internet protocols. ______ 2. An IP address is a number identifying of a computer or another device on the Internet. ______ 3. The IP address of Google starts with 216.58.220.196. ______ 4. Class A of IP address class is reserved for multicast. ______ 5. Class B of IP address class is used for future used, or research and development purposes. What’s New Multiple Choice 1. What is another name for a packet? a. Datagram c. Instagram b. Diagram d. Program 1  2. It is a number identifying of a computer or another device on the Internet. a. Internet Protocol c. IP address classes b. IP address d. Packet 3. This is a term first coined by Donald Davies in 1965 that is used to describe a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a network. a. IP address classes c. Packet b. IP address d. Internet Protocol 4. It is the fundamental protocol for communications on the Internet. a. IP address classes c. Packet b. IP address d. Internet Protocol 5. It contains a source, destination, data size, and other useful information that helps make it to the appropriate location and get reassembled properly. a. IP address classes c. Internet Protocol b. IP address d. Packet What is It IP ADDRESSING LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, STUDENT(S) MUST be able to: 1. Discuss the information about IP addressing and its components. 2. Know the difference between dynamic and static IP address. 3. Know how to configure correct IP address. THE IP (INTERNET PROTOCOL) It is the fundamental protocol for communications on the Internet. It specifies the way information is packetized, addressed, transferred, routed, and received by networked devices. 2  IP history Its development began in 1974, led by computer scientists Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf. It is frequently used in conjunction with the Transmission Control Protocol, or TCP. Together they are referred to as TCP/IP. The first major version of the Internet Protocol was version 4, or IPv4. In 1981, it was formally defined in RFC 791 by the Internet Engineering Task Force, or IETF. The successor to IPv4 is IPv6, which was formalized by the IETF in 1998. It was designed to eventually replace IPv4. As of 2018, IPv6 governs approximately 20% of all Internet traffic. An IP Address An IP address is a number identifying of a computer or another device on the Internet. It is similar to a mailing address, which identifies where postal mail comes from and where it should be delivered. IP addresses uniquely identify IP address classes When we show up to the present moment with all of our senses, we invite the world to fill us with joy. The pains of the past are behind us. The future has yet to unfold. But the now is full of beauty simply waiting for our attention. 3  Ranges 127.x.x.x are reserved for the loopback or localhost, for example, 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address. Range 255.255.255.255 broadcasts to all hosts on the local network. Static vs. dynamic IP addresses IP addresses are assigned in two different ways. They may be dynamically assigned (they can change automatically) or statically assigned (they are intended not to change and must be changed manually). Most home networks use dynamic allocation. Your router uses DHCP to temporarily assign, or "lease," an IP address to your device. After a period, this lease "expires," and the router renews your old address or assigns you a new one, depending on the needs of the network and the configuration of the router. If you have ever tried to change the settings on your router, you may be familiar with the address 192.168.1.1. Commonly, this is your router's address, if you enter this address into the address bar of your web browser, you can open your router's configuration interface. (Your router's address may be different - check your router’s manual.) How data is sent to an IP address on another network The following diagram illustrates how your home computer might obtain an IP address and send data to an IP address on another network. 4 Packet The packet is a term first coined by Donald Davies in 1965 that is used to describe a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a network. You can think of it as a package filled with data being delivered to another area. A packet is used because it divides data into easier-to-manage "chunks," which move information more efficiently and keep network resources from being tied up by a single, larger file. What is in a packet? A packet contains a source, destination, data, size, and other useful information that helps packet make it to the appropriate location and get reassembled properly. Below is a breakdown of a TCP packet. 5 Network packet basics Another name for a packet is a datagram. Data transferred over the Internet is sent as one or more packets. The most common packet sent is the TCP packet. The size of a packet is limited, so most data sent over a network is broken up into multiple packets before being sent out and then put back together when received. When a packet is transmitted over a network, network routers and switches examine the packet and its source to help direct it to the correct location. During its transmission, network packets can be dropped. If a packet is not received or an error occurs, it is sent again. ASSIGNING IP ADDRESS When organizing your home network, it’s easier to assign each computer its own IP address than using DHCP. Here we will look at doing it Windows 7, Windows 8.x, and Windows 10. 6  If you have a home network with several computes and devices, it’s a good idea to assign each of them a specific address. If you use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), each computer will request and be assigned an address every time it’s booted up. When you have to do troubleshooting on your network, it’s annoying going to each machine to figure out what IP they have. Using Static IPs prevents address conflicts between devices and allows you to manage them more easily. Assigning IPs to Windows is essentially the same process but getting to where you need to be varied between each version. If you are using windows 7, windows 8.1, windows server or windows 10 do the following instructions. Step 1 Run command Type ncpa.cpl then click OK or press Enter. Step 2 Network connection properties 7  Right-click on your local adapter and select Properties. Step 3 Network connection properties In the Local Area Connection Properties window highlight Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) then click the Properties button. Step 4 Checking default gateway address 8  Now select the radio button Use the following IP address and enter in the correct IP, Subnet mask, and Default gateway that corresponds with your network setup. Then enter your Preferred and Alternate DNS server addresses. Here we are on a home network and using a simple Class C network configuration and default configuration based on my router’s configuration setting. In this case connection is connected to a hotspot named as “itsmeismael” I used its default gateway address for default gateway and DNS address. I strongly recommend that if you have router with an internet connection it is best practice to configure your DNS and default gateway based on your routers address for you to enable internet connection failure to do so, it may lead to WAN network disconnection. Figure 4.1 it shows the default gateway address that must use for DNS and default gateway configuration. To check your gateway address, open your command prompt then type ipconfig Step 5 TCP/IPv4 Properties 9  When you are finished click OK. Step 6 Checking configured ip configurations 10  Open the command prompt and type ipconfig to see if the network adapter settings have been successfully changed. SUMMARY This configuration is applicable in most of windows operating system. In this lesson I used windows 10 version build 14393. In configuring static IP address, we need to remember some key points such as, gateway and DNS IP address. We could not create different range of IP addresses that contrast to current network configuration if we are going to connect our computer to an existing WAN. However, we can skip DNS and default gateway if just wanted to test the connectivity of two or more different nodes in a standalone LAN connection and without having router, gateway, or any ISP modem. 11  What’s More TERM AND DEFINITIONS IP (INTERNET PROTOCOL) -It is the fundamental protocol for communications on the Internet. An IP address is a number identifying of a computer or another device on the Internet. IP address classes -With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E, while only A, B, and C are commonly used. Packet- The packet is a term first coined by Donald Davies in 1965 that is used to describe a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a network. Assessment True or False Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F it is false. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. 1. IP addresses are assigned in two different ways, static and dynamic. 2. In IP addressing, the 255.255.255.255 can be used as IP address. 3. Most home networks use dynamic allocation or DHCP. 4. Class A has the address range of 1.0.0.1 to 191.255.255.254. 5. IP address 192.0.1.12 is a valid Class B IP address. 6. Class B IP address range supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks. 7. IP address classes have 5 available IP ranges. 8. An IP address 127.0.12.1 is used for loopback address. 9. http.//www.deped.gov.ph is an example of a uniform resource locator. 10. When a packet is transmitted over a network, network routers and switches examine the packet and its source to help direct it to the correct location. 12 REFERENCE BALANA I.M., IP Addressing, viewed 9 December 2020 https://www.golurn.com/COC2_LO2/content/#/lessons/_WukZzjeNYsDIohFOiGpHfa ZkvfmFSIc 13