Tutorial Questions - Reproduction

**[Short answer- ]** **1. How does the morula gain nutrition before implantation?** **2. Explain the importance of capacitation in the process fertilisation.** **3. Describe the role of human chorionic gonadotrophin in pregnancy.** **[MCQs]** **4. Placenta previa is a medical condition occurrin...

**[Short answer- ]** **1. How does the morula gain nutrition before implantation?** **2. Explain the importance of capacitation in the process fertilisation.** **3. Describe the role of human chorionic gonadotrophin in pregnancy.** **[MCQs]** **4. Placenta previa is a medical condition occurring during pregnancy where the placenta is:** a\) Underdeveloped b\) Hypertrophied c\) located too high in the uterus d\) located too low in the uterus occluding the cervix **5. the umbilical cord carries which vessels?** a\) 4; 2 veins and 2 arteries b\) 3; 2 veins and 1 artery c\) 2; 1 vein and 1 artery d\) 3; 1 vein and 2 arteries **6. The most common site of implantation in ectopic pregnancy is:** a\) implantation in the ovary b\) implantation in the ampulla c\) implantation occurs at the fimbria d\) implantation is not successful **7. What is the function of the acrosome?** a\) contains hydrolytic enzymes such as hyaluronidase and acrosin to digest the corona radiata and zona pellucida of the oocyte b\) contains hydrolytic enzymes such as acrosin to digest the zone pellucida of the oocyte c\) contains catabolic enzymes to promote synthesis of GP3 receptors on the oocyte membrane d\) contains anabolic enzymes to promote breakdown of GP3 receptors on the oocyte membrane **8. Which is the correct order of events in the slow block to polyspermy?** a. efflux of Ca2+ from smooth ER -\> fusion of lysosomes with oocyte membrane -\> hydrolytic enzymes break down zone pellucida and ZP3 receptors -\> entry of male pronucleus b. entry of the male pronucleus -\> efflux of Ca2+ from smooth ER -\> fusion of lysosomes with oocyte membrane -\> hydrolytic enzymes break down zone pellucida and ZP3 receptors c. entry of the male pronucleus -\> fusion of lysosomes with oocyte membrane -\> efflux of Ca2+ from smooth ER -\>hydrolytic enzymes break down zone pellucida and ZP3 receptors d. hydrolytic enzymes break down zone pellucida and ZP3 receptors -\> entry of the male pronucleus -\> efflux of Ca2+ from smooth ER -\> fusion of lysosomes with oocyte membrane **9. Which of the following have a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules?** a. Cilia and centriole b. Cilia and flagella c. Centriole and flagella d. Centrosome and centriole **10. Where is the corona radiata derived from?** a\) oviduct b\) fimbriae c\) Graafian follicle d\) ovary **11. What do the outer and inner cell masses of the blastocyst become?** a\) trophoblast and embryoblast b\) embryoblast and trophoblast c\) umbilical cord and placenta d\) mesoderm and ectoderm **12. In organogenesis, which organs develop earliest?** a\) muscles, bones and respiratory organs b\) digestive organs, respiratory organs and heart c\) nervous system, heart and eyes d\) nervous system, muscles and bones **13. In the umbilical cord, the blood vessels which blood in which direction? Choose the answer that is [most] correct.** a\) Veins carry oxygenated blood from placenta to heart; arteries carry deoxygenated blood to placenta b\) Arteries carry oxygenated blood from placenta to vena cava; veins carry deoxygenated blood to placenta c\) Veins carry oxygenated blood from placenta to vena cava; arteries carry deoxygenated blood to placenta through the developing aorta d\) Arteries carry oxygenated blood from placenta to vena cava; veins carry deoxygenated blood to placenta **14.** **The fast block to polyspermy is caused by:** a\) release of Na^+^ from the rough endoplasmic reticulum activating lysosomes b\) release of Ca^2+^ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum activating phagosomes c\) release of Ca^2+^ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum activating lysosomes d\) release of Na^+^ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum activating phagosomes **15. Which of the following are teratogens?** a\) vitamin a, microwaves, tar and cocaine b\) vitamin a, radiation, nicotine, cocaine b\) vitamin c, radition, nictoine and cocaine c\) vitamin c, herpes virus, thalidomide and cocaine **16. What do elevated levels of oestrogen in maternal blood cause in preparation for labour** a\) decreased sensitivity of smooth muscle in the uterus to oxytocin and antagonise the inhibitory effect of progesterone b\) increased sensitivity of smooth muscle in the uterus to oxytocin and antagonise the inhibitory effect of progesterone c\) decreased sensitivity of smooth muscle in the uterus to oxytocin and agonise the inhibitory effect of progesterone d\) increased sensitivity of smooth muscle in the uterus to oxytocin and agonise the inhibitory effect of progesterone **17. Why should mother and baby's blood not mix?** 1\. exchange of pathogens between maternal and foetal blood that could be fatal 2\. Rh incompatibility leading to attack of foetal red blood cells by maternal antibodies 3\. ABO incompatibility leading to clotting a\) option 1 only b\) option 2 only c\) options 1 and 2 d\) options 2 and 3