Human Reproductive System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How does the morula gain nutrition before implantation?

The morula receives nutrition through diffusion from the uterine fluid.

Explain the importance of capacitation in the process of fertilization.

Capacitation is the final maturation step of the sperm. It involves changes to the sperm's membrane, making it capable of binding to the zona pellucida of the oocyte.

Describe the role of human chorionic gonadotrophin in pregnancy.

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the developing embryo. It maintains the corpus luteum in the ovary, which continues to secrete progesterone to support the pregnancy.

Placenta previa is a medical condition occurring during pregnancy where the placenta is:

Located too low in the uterus occluding the cervix Signup and view all the answers

The umbilical cord carries which vessels?

3; 1 vein and 2 arteries Signup and view all the answers

The most common site of implantation in ectopic pregnancy is:

Implantation in the ampulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the acrosome?

The acrosome contains enzymes, such as hyaluronidase and acrosin, that help the sperm penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida of the oocyte. Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct order of events in the slow block to polyspermy?

Efflux of Ca2+ from smooth ER -> fusion of lysosomes with oocyte membrane -> hydrolytic enzymes break down zone pellucida and ZP3 receptors -> entry of male pronucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following have a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules?

Centriole and flagella Signup and view all the answers

Where is the corona radiata derived from?

Graafian follicle Signup and view all the answers

What do the outer and inner cell masses of the blastocyst become?

Embryoblast and trophoblast Signup and view all the answers

In organogenesis, which organs develop earliest?

Nervous system, heart, and eyes Signup and view all the answers

The fast block to polyspermy is caused by:

Release of Ca²+ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum activating lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are teratogens?

Vitamin A, radiation, nicotine, cocaine Signup and view all the answers

What do elevated levels of oestrogen in maternal blood cause in preparation for labour?

Increased sensitivity of smooth muscle in the uterus to oxytocin and antagonise the inhibitory effect of progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Why should mother and baby's blood not mix?

Options 1 and 2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Short Answer Questions

Morula nutrition before implantation: Morula gains nutrition before implantation by absorbing nutrients from the uterine secretions.
Capacitation in fertilization: Capacitation is a process that prepares sperm for fertilization. It involves changes in sperm membrane structure enabling them to penetrate the ovum.
Role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in pregnancy: hCG is a hormone produced by the developing placenta. Crucially, it maintains the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone, essential for maintaining the pregnancy.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Placenta previa: Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta is positioned abnormally low in the uterus, potentially blocking the cervix.
Umbilical cord vessels: The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein. These vessels transport blood between the fetus and the placenta.
Ectopic pregnancy implantation sites: The most common site of ectopic pregnancy implantation is the ampulla (a part of the fallopian tube).
Acrosome function: The acrosome, a vesicle at the head of the sperm, contains enzymes like hyaluronidase and acrosin. These enzymes are vital for digesting the corona radiata and zona pellucida, allowing sperm penetration of the ovum.
Events in the slow block to polyspermy: Specific events are provided in the provided text.

Additional Concepts

9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules: Cilia and flagella exhibit a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules.
Corona radiata origin: The corona radiata originates from the ovarian follicle.
Blastocyst cell mass differentiation: The outer cell mass of a blastocyst differentiates into the trophoblast, while the inner cell mass becomes the embryoblast.
Early organ development (organogenesis): The nervous system and heart, among other organs, develop during early stages of organogenesis.
Umbilical cord blood direction: Veins in umbilical cord carry oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus; arteries carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to the placenta.
Fast block to polyspermy: The fast block to polyspermy results from an influx of Na⁺ ions, causing membrane depolarization, thereby preventing additional sperm from fertilizing the egg. (specific mechanism provided in the text)
Teratogens: Chemical and environmental factors (specifically mentioned in the provided text) such as certain vitamins, drugs, and toxins can be harmful to a developing fetus.
Maternal estrogen and labor preparation: Elevated levels of estrogen decrease the sensitivity of the uterine smooth muscle to oxytocin, thereby antagonizing the inhibitory effects of progesterone.
Why maternal and fetal blood should not mix: Mixing of maternal and fetal blood could lead to immune reactions from antibodies, potentially harming the fetus. Risk is associated with incompatibility of blood groups

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Description

Test your knowledge on vital concepts related to the human reproductive system, including fertilization, pregnancy, and placenta conditions. This quiz covers essential topics like morula nutrition, capacitation, and important hormones in pregnancy. Perfect for students studying biology or medicine.