Tongue Anatomy & Muscles (PDF)

TONGUE MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE What are your 5 senses? INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch What are the anatomical divisions of the tongue? Root/base Body...

TONGUE MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE What are your 5 senses? INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch What are the anatomical divisions of the tongue? Root/base Body Apex/Tip APEX Rest behind incisors Mobile Taste buds for “sweet” Labiodental BODY Rough dorsal surface EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE Taste buds: salt, bitter, sour 1. Palatoglossus Median sulcus 2. Styloglossus Terminal sulcus → foramen cecum 3. Genioglossus Smooth ventral surface: lingual frenum 4. Hyoglossus --- Sublingual caruncles ROOT/BASE Dorsal portion: oropharynx Appears behind the mandible and the hyoid bone → anchorage Tonsils: lymphoid aggregates Foliate papillae Alveolar Sounds - You create alveolar consonants when 1. PALATOGLOSSUS you raise your tongue to the alveolar origin: inferior surface of the palatine ridge to block or constrict airflow. aponeurosis insertion: posterolateral tongue action: elevates the posterior tongue and 4. HYOGLOSSUS draws the soft palate onto tongue, thereby origin: hyoid bone: from the entire length of the narrowing the diameter of the oropharyngeal greater cornu and front of the body of the hyoid isthmus insertion: side of the tongue between styloglossus laterally and the inferior longitudinal muscle medially action: depresses and retracts the tongue 2. STYLOGLOSSUS origin: the apex of the styloid process adjacent to the origin of the stylomandibular ligament, and deep fibers of the ligament itself ALL MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE ARE insertion: merges with the hyoglossus and INNERVATED BY HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (CN inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue XII) EXCEPT FOR PALATOGLOSSUS WHICH IS action: tongue elevation and retraction INNERVATED BY VAGUS NERVE (CN X) 3. GENIOGLOSSUS origin: superior mental spine of the symphysis menti (posterior surface of midline mandible) insertion: entire tongue mass and body of the hyoid bone action: protracts and depresses the tongue Motor = yellow Sensory = green  NERVE SUPPLY (TONGUE) SUMMARY LINGUAL PAPILLAE MOTOR SENSORY SENSORY (general) (special/taste) ANTERIOR 2 3 2/3 1 POSTERIOR 4 1/3 Blood Supply of the Tongue Lingual artery of ECA Tonsillar artery of CNVII: collateral Drainage: Lingual vein FILIFORM PAPILLA Most numerous No taste buds Lymphatic Drainage Cone-shaped Anterior 2/3: submental and Stratified squamous keratinized submandibular nodes → deep cervical lymph nodes FUNGIFORM PAPILLA Posterior 1/3: deep cervical lymph nodes HISTOLOGY DORSAL o Stratified squamous KERATINIZED o Lingual papillae o Pharyngeal tongue: tonsils Dome-shaped VENTRAL With tastebuds o Stratified squamous NON- Stratified squamous non-keratinized KERATINIZED Facial nerve  FOLIATE PAPILLA Stratified squamous non keratinized in lateral With taste buds on lateral Von Ebner’s Glossopharyngeal nerve TASTE PERCEPTION Elongated folds With taste buds Stratified squamous non-keratinized Facial nerve at anterior papilla Glossopharyngeal nerve at posterior papilla TASTE BUDS CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLA Truncated cone Anterior to foramen cecum and sulcus terminalis Largest in size Stratified squamous keratinized on superficial  STRUCTURE OF TASTE BUDS 1. Taste Pore 2. Afferent Sensory Neuron 3. Type I: Support cell/Sustentacular cell 4. Type II and III: Receptor/Gustatory cell 5. Type IV: Basal Cell Organic Compounds H+ Na+ Alkaloids L-glutamate SOUR TASTE Acids/Hydrogen ion concentration SALTY TASTE Sodium ion concentration SWEET TASTE Organic compounds (carbohydrates and amino acids) BITTER TASTE Long chain organic substance that contains nitrogen Alkaloids UMAMI TASTE L-glutamate