Anatomy of Digestive tract_13.pptx

digestive SYSTEM  Objectives Enumerate the component of the digestive system Explain the anatomical structures of the digestive system Enumerate functions of the digestive organs. Corelate the function of the digestive organs to its anatomical structure Th...

digestive SYSTEM  Objectives Enumerate the component of the digestive system Explain the anatomical structures of the digestive system Enumerate functions of the digestive organs. Corelate the function of the digestive organs to its anatomical structure The digestive system Consist of  Alimentary canal: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.  Digestive glands: liver, pancreas, and salivary glands THE MOUTH (ORAL) CAVITY  Responsible for food intake  Divided into 2 parts: 1.Vestibule: the part between The cheeks & lips externally 2 1 Gum and teeth internally. 2.Mouth cavity proper: the part surrounded by gum and teeth. contains tongue, teeth & openings of salivary glands. The TONGUE Muscular organ  Functions: 1. Manipulates food bolus (chewing and swallowing) 2. General and taste sensations (by receptors) 3. Speech. The TEETH  Deciduous (milk) teeth in children (20)  Permanent teeth in adults (32). The SALIVARY GLANDS PAROTID SUBMANDIBULAR SUBLINGUAL Size The largest In between The smallest Secretion Watery Viscid Side of face, behind Site mandible Below the mandible Floor of the mouth Termination of Vestibule of the mouth Floor of the mouth duct A C B PHARYNX: is a common pathway for air & food OESOPHAGUS:  Hollow muscular tube  25 cm in length  transmits food from pharynx to stomach. STOMACH:  The most dilated part of the alimentary canal.  Site: upper left part of abdominal cavity.  Shape: J-shaped STOMACH: It has:  2 ends:  Cardiac (upper) end  Pyloric (lower) end.  2 borders:  Lesser curvature (right)  Greater curvature (left).  It is divided into  Cardiac part (shows fundus and body)  Pyloric part. SMALL INTESTINE:  It is a coiled tube about 6 meters long.  It consists of 3 parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. DUODENUM JEJUNUM ILEUM The proximal part The middle part The distal part 25 cm in length 2/5 the length of SI 3/5 the length of SI C-shaped formed of 4 parts End at into the caecum.  LARGE INTESTINE:  Length: 1.5 meters.  Site: in the periphery of the abdominal cavity (surrounding the small intestine)  Characterized by the presence of sacculations.  LARGE INTESTINE:  Parts 1. Cecum (widest part), 2. Vermiform appendix (narrowest part), 3. Ascending colon, 4. Right colic flexure, 5. Transverse colon, 6. Left colic flexure, 7. Descending colon 8. Pelvic (sigmoid) colon 9. Rectum 10.Anal canal The LIVER:  The largest gland in the body.  Weighs about 1.5 kg.  Site: right upper part of the abdominal cavity.  Functions: 1. Secretes bile (important for fat digestion). 2. Synthesis of albumin and clotting factors 3. Detoxifies several metabolites (bilirubin and estrogen). The GALL BLADDER:  Small pear-shaped sac  Site: at the inferior surface of liver.  Function: it stores and concentrates bile. bile passes through bile duct reach the duodenum The PANCREAS:  Site: lies transversely across the posterior abdominal wall.  Parts: head, neck, body and tail.  Functions: 1.Endocrine function: secretes insulin and glucagon hormones (regulate blood glucose level). 2.Exocrine function: secretes pancreatic enzymes which pass to duodenum through the pancreatic duct REFERENCE BOOK READING Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th edition, (LAWRENCE E. WINESKI). PAGES-93-96 -VESSELS https://next.amboss.com/us/ article/ZK0ZUS?q=blood+ves sels#Ze70cc99757e1ea860c d2529fb952e9f0