Transportation - PDF

TRANSPORTATION – PRELIMS Tourism and transport are intimately connected to each other, as the movement of people is one of the most important elements of tourism. Just as the tourism product relies on natural and built landscapes, attractions and amenities as resources, so...

TRANSPORTATION – PRELIMS Tourism and transport are intimately connected to each other, as the movement of people is one of the most important elements of tourism. Just as the tourism product relies on natural and built landscapes, attractions and amenities as resources, so too does it rely on transportation to facilitate the movement of tourists. TOURISM - Various approaches have been taken in defining tourism within the academic literature as well as by both national and international institutions and organizations. Cooper (2012) - highlights that tourism has not only been defined from both a demand and supply side perspective, but that both conceptual and technical approaches have been taken. Traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes” – UNTWO Domestic tourism - involving residents of the given country traveling only within this country. Inbound tourism - involving non-residents traveling to the given country. Outbound tourism - involving residents traveling to another country Internal Tourism – comprises domestic tourism plus inbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident and non-resident visitor within the country of reference as part of domestic or international tourism trip. National tourism – comprises domestic tourism plus outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors within and outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips. International tourism – comprises inbound tourism plus outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips and the activities of non-resident visitors within the country of reference on inbound tourism trips. Transportation - generally pertains to the activity of transferring goods or people form one point to another destination. - It clearly explains that it does not exclusively deliver goods but also people, which reveals the connection between transportation and tourism. Transport Infrastructure – includes the material conditions such as routes (roads, trucks, etc.), means (vehicles), control systems (traffic control), handling facilities (bus, train or plane terminals), and transfer facilities. Mode of Transport – refers to the environment in which the transport takes place: air, ground or water based transport. All vehicles which utilize the same environment belong to the same transport mode. Transportation Routes – utilized by the transportation means. Transportation means, types or carrier – refers to the actual means of mobility realized with particular mode (Duval, 2007, p.3). Example includes the Airplane, boat or car. DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORTATION USED IN THE INDUSTRY LAND TRANSPORTATION - Cars, bicycles, segways - Motorcycles, mopeds, quad, trikes - (Mini, public service, travel) coaches - Caravans, Campervans - Local public rail traffic (subways, city trains, trams) - Long distance public traffic - Luxury trains - Museum railways  - (Air cable)railways, ski and chair lifts, mountain and rock –railways - Leisure railways (roller coaster) - Cable cars - Rail trolleys WATER TRANSPORTATION - (Open sea/river) cruise ships - (Inland, open sea) ferries - Excursion boats - Cargo boats with tourist significance - Sailing boats, sports boats, yachts, houseboats, gondolas - Raffs, canoes/kayaks, rowing boats, surfboards - Submarines AIR TRANSPORTATION - (Passenger) aircraft - Helicopters - Sports aircraft and sailplanes - Balloons, airships - Spacecrafts - Seaplanes - Hang gliders and paragliders Transport is a Product of the Travel Industry COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Surface – include land and water transport. - Land transport grew rapidly with an increase in rental cars. Water - transport’s smooth sailing lies in the wind, but with the advent of steam power, it made water transport far better. Air – Air transport has tremendously contributed to the growth of domestic and international tourism because it decreases the travel time of the tourists. The Way - It can be classified as open as air and sea travel; it is free and does not have any cost. it can be constructed like roads, rails, and canals. Roads and railways are example of artificial media, while airways and sea routes are natural media. The Vehicles - They serve as media or units that carry people to their destination. Element; “carrying unit”. can be an aircraft, trains ships, or motor coaches. Terminal - It is a built structure that provides passengers with smooth transfers from and to major modes of transportation such as airlines, buses, and ferries. “Point of transfer”. terminal performs two functions: 1. Facilitate transfer or interchange between modes. 2. Consolidate traffic. Control and Communication Systems - These systems are ways to ensure the safety of the passengers by monitoring the take-off and landing of the aircraft. Management Staff - With these various modes of transportation, it is noticeable that a number of staff are required for effective management. Thus, it involves all the usual management jobs for an efficient operation. Transportation - as a primary tourist service, is likewise one of the most utilized services in the travel and tourism industry. Difference in the demand for tourism transport can be influenced by seasonality. Another factor is price elasticity. An increase in transportation costs could lead to a decrease in demand. Lastly, some of the transport sectors are expensive – highly capital – intensive. TYPES OF TOURISM TRANSPORT General Passenger Transport - This type of transport is mainly for the general traveler and not just specifically designed to meet the needs of the tourists. viability. Dedicated Tourist Transport - This type of tourist transport is frequently included in a tour package. Commonly used are coaches that are chartered for a particular purpose. Experiential Tourist Transport - This transport service creates an extraordinary tourist experience. For instance, riding a Kalesa in Intramuros or Vigan can contribute to an ideal Intramuros Tour or Vigan Tour. Luxury Tourist Transport - This type of tourist transport is designed to offer high – quality service and comfortable travel experience. Tourists who often take this type of transport are more likely those who seek comfort while traveling. Recreational Transport - This transport service is generally used for tourism, such as hop-on and hop-off buses, safari vehicles, and bikes. This type of transport attracts tourists who are seeking a nontraditional and fun transport experience. Multipurpose Tourist Transport - This type of tourist transport includes motorhomes, RV trailers, campervans, and “rotels”. Rotels are also known as “rolling hotels”, are in vogue right now. TYPES OF AIR CARRIERS OR AIRLINES Domestic Airlines- operate within the same country. Limit their operations to flights between the different cities or provinces in the country like the Philippines. Domestic carriers offer less expensive fares because of the shorter distance between domestic points. Regional Airlines – can be used to those air carriers that operate within geographical region. For example, airlines that operate outside their country but within Asian region. These airlines are usually limited in their destination because of the type of airplane they use., only have a maximum of 3-6 hours flying time. International Airlines – International airlines are different from regional airlines in the distance they travel, International airlines travel to destinations with more then 7 hours flying time. Legacy Airlines or Heritage Airlines – are often used for airlines that started the commercial airline industry. These are airlines with international scheduled service. Also known as full service carriers. Low-cost Airlines – Some call them budget airlines. The emergence of LCC has had the strongest impact on the success of legacy carrier. LCCs are airlines the often offer low fares. Air Taxis or Air Charters – are air transportation companies that do not provide scheduled services. The name taxi gives the notion of hiring an aircraft for a private function. Usually air taxis are smaller airplanes or private jets. Boutique Airlines – are not low cost carriers but are often mistaken as such. Most boutique carriers use small airplanes because they serve small airports that are the gateway to high end destinations or resorts. These airlines offer fares that are most expensive than most commuter fares. Network carriers – are airlines that operate on a network structure. They offer scheduled service through a hub-and-spoke system(Sin & Chellapa, 2013,p.1-6). Flag Carriers – traditionally are government owned airlines. When an airline industry started, it was common for the government to start, operate, and manage their own airlines. Aviation - The word aviation is a general term that originated from the French word “avi” meaning bird (Aviation, n.d.). Airports in the Philippines see a number of general aviation activities. point – to – point network is when an airline operates in simple routes Hub and spoke – The bicycle wheel is an example of a spoke where the center of the wheel is the hub. HISTORY Jean Francois Pilatre de Rozier - he flight in November 1783 took the air science teacher. Wright Brothers - successfully flew the Wright glider in 1902. Orville and Wilbur Wright’ considerations in selecting tourism transport 1. Cost – The fare or cost of transport services generally affects the decision of the tourist in choosing which service to avail of. Low-cost carriers are often chosen because of the competitive price they offer for their service. 2. Status and Prestige – Transport services are sometimes influential in deciding which service to choose from. This is due to the increased status and prestige given to the passenger availing of the service. For instance, some tourists prefer to use full-service carriers(seated in first or business class)or other luxury transport because of the status and prestige it can create.