Air Transportation & Freedom of the Air PDF

Air Transportation - December 1903, the 2 brothers achieved the first manned flight with their Wright flyer Aviation comes from the latin avis meaning “bird”, an appropriate trans...

Air Transportation - December 1903, the 2 brothers achieved the first manned flight with their Wright flyer Aviation comes from the latin avis meaning “bird”, an appropriate translation given that aviation deals with travel by air, specifically in a plane. Leornardo Da Vinci, he sketched flying machines such as ornithopters. His design included with a machines with a Air Transport provides significant economic and social pilot in a prone position, standing vertically using arms benefits. It facilitates tourism, trade, connectivity, and legs. generates economic growth, provides jobs. FLIGHT BOOKING IN THE EARLY YEARS Improves living standards alleviates poverty, provides a lifeline for remote communities and enables a rapid Flight Services in the Early Years response when disaster occur. - Jet passenger services began in the United States in the late 1950s with the introduction of BOEING 707 and DOUGLAS BC-8 Airlines LIGHTER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT - Some 707 flights were all-first class, other all DEVELOPMENT tourist class, and other a mix separated by partitions. The jet engine revolutionized air - In November 1783, The Montgolfier brothers, travel. Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne, launched the first successful hot air balloon flight in France. This marked the beginning of human BOEING flight. - In 1852, Henry Giffard built the 1st successful We are embarked as pioneers upon new science and airship industry in which our problems are so new and unusual - 1900, Zeppelin was designed by Count that it behooves no one to dismiss any novel idea with Ferdinand von Zeppelin the statement “it can’t be done”. - William Boeing - April 4, 1909, in Philippine Airspace, the first flight was on a hot air balloon flown by a In 1916, Boeing hired Tsu Wong, one of the country's Portuguese Acrobat named C.F. Marquez few aeronautical engineers as an aircraft designer. He - 1937, Hidenburg was tragically destroyed by also hired Claire Egtvedt and Phil Johnson, who would fire. both later become Boeing company presidents. HOT AIR BALLOON BOEING Company Aviation History A Hot Air Balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air. Boeing F-86 Sabre Jet - The first swept-wing airplane in the US Fighter Suspended beneath is a gondola or wicker basket (in inventory, the F-86 scored a consistent victory some long-distance or high altitude balloons, a capsule), over Russian-built MiG fighters during the which carriers passenger and source of heat, in most Korean War, accounting for a final ratio of cases an open flame caused by burning liquid propane 10-to-1. All 39 UNited Nation jets aces won their laurels in Sabres. HEAVIER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT Boeing 747 DEVELOPMENT - The Boeing 747 is a wide-body commercial airliner and cargo transport aircraft, often - 1853, Gliders were developed, considered as the referred to by its original nickname, Jumbo Jet first successful heavier than aircraft. or the Queen of the Skies. - George Caley, earning privilege of being the 1st - It is among the world’s most recognizable successful airman aircraft and was the first wide-body ever - 1842, John Stringfellow, together with WIlliam produced. Henson, they designed the Aerial Steam - Manufactured by Boeing’s Commercial Carriage. Airplane unit in the United States. - 1889, Lawrence Hargave created the compressed air engine using three rotating Boeing 777 cylinders. - The Boeing 777 is a long-range wide-body, - 1896, Samuel Langley designed and created twin-engine jetliner manufactured by Boeing pilotless heavier-than-air craft from the New Commercial Airplanes. World - It is the world’s largest twinjet and is commonly - The first airplane reached 914 meters or 3,000ft referred to as the “Triple Seven”. while the second airplane flew as high a 1280 meters or 4,200ft. Both were unmanned. Boeing 727 - 1902, Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully - The Boeing 727 is a mid-size, narrow-body, flew the Wright Gliders three-engine jet liner built by the Boeing  Commercial Airplanes. - Sky Jet - 5M - It has a capacity of 149 to 189 passengers. - Iti Air - D5 - The 727 proved to be such a reliable and versatile airliner that it came to form the core of many start-up airline fleets. INTERNATIONAL CARRIERS - Cathay Pacific - China Airlines - Delta Air Boeing 787 Dreamliner - Dragon Air - The Boeing 787 Dreamliner is a long-range, - Emirates Airlines mid-size, wide-body, twin-engine jet airliner - Etihad developed by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It - Jeju Air seats 210 to 335 passengers, depending on the - Qatar Airways variant. - Royal Brunei - It is Boeing’s most fuel efficient airliner and - Singapore Airlines world’s first major airliner to use composite - Thai Airways materials as the primary material in the - United Airlines construction of its airframe ADDITIONAL INFO AIRBUS Airlines (downstream air transport services provision. Roger Beteille was a French Engineer and businessman, - Mostly deregulated market regarded as one of the founding fathers of the company, - Mostly private ownership dominance he is known for his contributions towards Airbus. - Extremely competitive - Technological changes driven by globalization Airbus A330 and aircraft manufacturing economics. - The Airbus A330 is a wide-body, twin-engine jet airliner made by Airbus, a division of EADS Air Transport Infrastructure (ATI) - It can accommodate up to 335 passengers in - Define as facilities and oversight required to two-class layout or carry 70 tonnes of cargo. provide efficient and on-time air transport - The A330-300, the first variant, took its maiden services to the public organized as follows flight in November 1992 and entered passenger service with Air Inter in January 1994. - Airport Infrastructure Airbus A320 - Air Navigation Service (ANS) - The Airbus A320 Family consist of Infrastructure (Air traffic control) short-to-medium-range, narrow-body, - Safety Oversight (Technical commercial passenger jet airliners manufactured Regulation) by Airbus Industries. Airbus A380 Types of Infrastructure - It is the largest commercial airliner ever designed. It has twin decks and seats 555 1. Airside Services: The airfield, gates, jet-ways, passengers in the typical three-class and all facilities associated with the movement configurations of service. of aircraft. All facilities considered beyond the passenger security areas (runways, taxiways, aprons, etc.) Comac ARJ21 - The Comac ARJ21 Xiangfeng (“Soaring 2. Landside Services: Facilities associated with Phoenix”) is a twin-engine and a regional the movement of passengers and baggage away airliner. Its design is based that of the MD-90, from aircraft areas. Airport facilities devoted to which was license-produced in China and is service passengers into and inside the terminal itself a derivative of the DC-9 areas (i.e., passenger services, food and beverage concessions, duty free, car parking, etc.) AIRLINES OF THE PHILIPPINES 3. Security and Safety Service: Facilities - AirAsia Zest - Z2 associated with the provision of police, security, - Cebu Pacific - 5J costumes, immigration, fire & rescue, etc. - PAL Express - 2P - Philippine Airlines - PR 4. Surface Access: Roads and rails service. - Philippines AirAsia - PQ - TigerAir Philippines - DG - Sky Pasada - SP  FREEDOM OF THE AIR AVIATION, TOURISM AND ECONOMY Air Traffic - Air Traffic is the aircraft movement, including Tourism directly represents 5% of global GDP takeoffs, landing and flights in route. Ar traffic - In some developing countries, tourism can management is important to ensure flying safely account for over 25% of GDP. and efficiently. - 1.2 Trillion receipts generated by international tourism Air Traffic Control (ATC) - 235 million jobs - Air Traffic Control is responsible for directing aircraft on the ground and through controlled Aviation contributes to tourism airspace. ATC Services includes Ground - 762 Billion contribution to global GDP of air Control, Tower Control, Approach and transport related to tourism. Departure Control, and En Route Control. - 34.5 million jobs in tourism supported by air transport. Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) - ATFM aims to optimize the flow of air traffic to In 2012, prevent congestion and delays. This involves - 2.9 billion passengers Slot Allocation and Flow Control. - 52 million ton. of freight - 1,000 airlines - 25,000 aircraft in service When and how did the concept of freedom of the air - More than 4,000 airports developed? - 36 million airline routes - 170 air navigation centers The Chicago Convention of 1944 established the - 1.5% Cargo Volume = 34.6% in value International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to regulate international air travel. This convention gave countries the right to control the air above their land and … and in 2030, 6 billion passengers. allowed them to fly planes across, into, and within other countries. However, only the first two freedoms apply to all countries. Air transport is often perceived as slowing development of travel and tourism NINE FREEDOMS OF THE AIR - Higher taxes and charges - Lack of air connectivity 1. First Freedom - Facilitation and border control - Right to overfly a foreign country without landing. How to improve and balance benefits of air transport and 2. Second Freedom tourism policies? - Right to refuel or carry out maintenance in a foreign country. There should be recognized synergies between air transport and tourism development. 3. Third Freedom - Right to fly form one’s own country to another. ICAO AND UNWTO to cooperate on matters of mutual interest: 4. Fourth Freedom - Right to fly from a foreign country to - Facilitation (Visa & Border Control) one’s own. - Consumer Protection - Connectivity 5. Fifth Freedom - Aviation and tourism sustainability - Right to fly between two foreign countries during flights which begin or end in one’s own. ICAO/UNWTO: Avoid duplication in efforts and create a greater synergy in both organizations. 6. Sixth Freedom - Synergy - the increased effectiveness that results - Right to fly between two foreign when two or more people or businesses work countries while not stopping to one’s together. own country.  7. Seventh Freedom - Right to fly between tw foreign countries while not returning to one’s own country 8. Eight Freedom - Right to fly between two or more airports in a foreign country while continuing service to one’s country. 9. Ninth Freedom - Right to fly inside a foreign country without continuing service to one’s own country. Why Aircrafts Dispatchers should understand the Freedoms of the Air - According to Sheffield School of Aeronautics, Aircraft Dispatchers nee to know about the nine freedoms of the air. These rules help countries decide who can fly planes in their airspace. Understanding these rules helps dispatchers plan flights, talk to other countries, follow laws and stay safe. (Sheffield School of Aeronautics n.d) Planning routes: Dispatchers can plan efficient routes that comply with international regulations. Negotiating with foreign governments: Dispatchers can negotiate traffic rights and landing slots with foreign governments. Ensuring compliance with foreign laws: Dispatchers can ensure that their flights adhere to foreign laws and regulations. Assessing any potential risks: Dispatchers can assess potential risks associated with operating in certain regions. Why are the 9 freedoms important? - According to Lomas (2023), the 9 freedoms of air makes air travel possible. The freedom allows airlines to run effectively and provide a variety of routes for travelers. They are protected in both multilateral and bilateral air transportation agreements.