Traits and Reproduction Test PDF

Traits and Reproduction 1. Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Number of parents involved Percentage of genetic material passed onto offspring Diversity of offspring Examples of living things 2. An organism's expressed physical traits such...

Traits and Reproduction 1. Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Number of parents involved Percentage of genetic material passed onto offspring Diversity of offspring Examples of living things 2. An organism's expressed physical traits such as hair color is called its_____. a.​ Genotype b.​ Phenotype c.​ Allele 3. An organism that has two different alleles for a single trait is said to be _____ for that trait. a.​ Homozygous b.​ Heterozygous c.​ Hybrid 4.If red flower color (R) is dominant and white (r) recessive, a plant with white flowers would have a genotype of ___. a.​ RR b.​ Rr c.​ rr d.​ rR 5.Which of the following is NOT an inherited trait? a.blood type b.a broken leg c.hair color d.leaf shape 6.Who is the monk known as the father of genetics? a.Mendel b.Rutherford c.Watson d.Welch 7.Where do an organism’s genes come from? a. the mother only b.the father only c.both the mother and father d.neither the mother or father 8.What is another name for gene version? a.allele b.heredity c.trait d.genotype 9.Which trait is most likely determined by genes? a.how old a person is b.what a person likes to eat c.when a person wakes up d.whether a person has dimples 10._________heterozygous​ a. a gene that is expressed 11._________homozygous​​ b.genes that are inherited 12._________phenotype​ ​ c.a specific form of gene that provides instruction 13._________genotype​ ​ d.when you have two different alleles 14._________dominant​ ​ e.the allele you use an uppercase letter for, shown 15._________recessive​ ​ f.when you have two of the same alleles 16._________allele​​ ​ g. the allele you use a lower case letter for, hidden 17.________feature​​ ​ h. An instruction for making protein molecules 18.________fertilization​ ​ i. To receive genes from a parent 19.________gene​ ​ ​ j. A characteristic that all members of a species has (ex. Hair color, eye color) 20.________gene version ​​ k. A specific form of a gene that gives instructions 21._________inherit​ ​ l.any different in traits between individual organisms 22._________ mutation​ ​ m. when a male & female reproductive cell combine 23._________traits​ ​ ​ n. A specific characteristic (ex. Blue eyes, brown eye, blonde hair, red hair) 24._________variations​ ​ o. A random change to the gene 25.Which is a heterozygous genotype? a.Hh b.HH C.hh d.All of the above 26.Which is a homozygous genotype? a.Dd B.dd c.dD d.All of the above. 27.Which is a homozygous dominant genotype? a.Ff B.ff c.FF d.None of the above. 28.If B=brown and b=blue, we know that blue is recessive and brown is _________________. a gene B.recessive c.a trait D.dominant 29.If a baby goat received a dominant gene for curly hair from one parent, and a recessive gene for straight hair from the other, which trait will the baby goat display? a.No hair b.Curly hair c.Straight hair d.Straight and curly hair 30.The allele for yellow seeds in pea plants, Y,is dominant. The allele for green seeds in pea plants, y, is recessive. Which combination would produce a plant with green seeds? a.YY b.Yy c.yY D.yy 31.In humans, the allele for brown eyes, B, is dominant over the allele for blue eyes, b. Which combination of alleles shown below could result in a person with blue eyes? a.BB b.Bb c.bB d.bb​ 32.The parent whose genes are aa: a.must be dominant b.has a straight hairline c.has a widow’s peak hairline d.may have AA dominant offspring 33.This diagram is called: a.Punnett square b.pedigree chart c.flow chart d.dichotomous key 34. In the diagram shown below, how many of the offspring will probably show the dominant trait? a.​ 25% b.​ 50% c.​ 75% d.​ 100% 35.The trait for a straight thumb (H) is dominant over the trait for a hitchhiker’s thumb (h). a.Two people with straight thumbs (Hh x Hh) got married. Use a punnett square to show the genes of their children. b.What percentage of the offspring will most likely have hitchhiker's’ thumbs?_______ % 36.Black fur (F) is dominant over white fur (f) in rabbits. a. A homozygous dominant male (FF) breeds with a homozygous recessive female (ff). Complete a Punnett square below to show the possible genotypes of their babies. b.What percentage of the offspring will most likely have white fur?_______ % 37. What does DNA stand for? a.​ Deoxyribonucleic Acid b.​ Ribonucleic c.​ Deoxyribonucleic d.​ Deoxygenation 38. What are the four bases of DNA? a.​ Adenine, Thymine, Cytoplasm, and Guanine b.​ Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine c.​ Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Glucose d.​ Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Glycerol 39. Pair up the bases correctly: _____________ &_______________ _____________ & ________________ 40. Form the second chain for TTGAAG 41.Each human body cell contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are contained in a human sex cell? a. 46 b.23 c.92 d.24 42.Many cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that are made up of: a.hormones b.DNA molecules c.minerals and water d.undigested food 43.Which of the following are NOT contained inside of human cells? a.chromosomes b.DNA c.blood d.genes 44.What does DNA do for a cell? a.Gives it directions on how to grow and behave. b.Collects water so that the cell does not get thirsty c.Fights bacteria by poking bacteria cells d.None of the above 45.To the right is a human karyotype. Is this a male or female? How do you know? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ 46. Draw and label the location of the genes inside a cell (Must include: Nucleus, Chromosomes/DNA, Cell) 47. Where do identical twins come from a.​ 2 separate eggs and 2 sperm b.​ 2 separate eggs and 1 sperm c.​ 1 egg and 1 sperm that splits into two babies d.​ 1 egg and 2 sperm 48. Where do fraternal twins come from? a.​ 2 separate eggs and 2 sperm b.​ 2 separate eggs and 1 sperm c.​ 1 egg and 1 sperm that splits into two babies d.​ 1 egg and 2 sperm 49. Identical twins can a.​ Have the same DNA and are the same b.​ Have similar DNA and are the same gender c.​ Have different DNA and are different genders d.​ Have the same DNA and are different genders 50. List ONE of Darwin’s 5 Keypoints of Natural selection 51. Survival of the fittest was proposed by what scientist? a.​ Charles Darwin b.​ Steven Hawking c.​ Albert Einstein d.​ Issac Newton 52. Changes of individuals in a species that allow for better survival. (i.e helps them survive) a.​ Variation b.​ Adaptation c.​ Behavior d.​ Environment 53.Where the better-adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring. a.​ Extinction b.​ Natural selection c.​ Artificial selection 54. Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring? a.​ Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce b.​ Because they come from recessive alleles c.​ Because they come from dominant alleles d.​ Because the trait is an acquired phenotype 55. Mutations are a change in what? a.​ DNA b.​ Phenotype c.​ Traits 56. Fill out the banks of the pedigree (AA, Aa, or aa) a)​ How many children did the original couple have? b)​ How many grandchildren? c)​ How many grandchildren are albino? Bonus: In horses, black color (B) dominates chestnut color (b). The trotting gait (T) dominates the pacing gait (t). A cross is made between a horse homozygous for black color and the pacing gait, and a horse homozygous for chestnut color and the trotting gait. What is the probability that an offspring will be a black trotter? SHOW WORK FOR CREDIT! First Horse’s Phenotype: ______________Second Horse’s Phenotype: _____________ First Horse’s Genotype: ___________ Second Horse’s Genotype: ___________