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Questions and Answers
If a homozygous dominant plant (RR) is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant (rr), what is the genotype of all the offspring?
If a homozygous dominant plant (RR) is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant (rr), what is the genotype of all the offspring?
- RRrr
- rr
- RR
- Rr (correct)
If two parents are heterozygous for the albinism trait (Aa), what is the probability that their child will have albinism (aa)?
If two parents are heterozygous for the albinism trait (Aa), what is the probability that their child will have albinism (aa)?
- 25% (correct)
- 75%
- 50%
- 100%
In a Punnett square, if one parent is homozygous dominant (AA) for a trait and the other parent is homozygous recessive (aa), what is the genotype of all their offspring?
In a Punnett square, if one parent is homozygous dominant (AA) for a trait and the other parent is homozygous recessive (aa), what is the genotype of all their offspring?
- Aa (correct)
- Both AA and aa
- aa
- AA
A couple is trying to have a child. The father has the genotype Aa for a particular trait, while the mother is homozygous recessive (aa). What is the probability of their child inheriting the recessive trait?
A couple is trying to have a child. The father has the genotype Aa for a particular trait, while the mother is homozygous recessive (aa). What is the probability of their child inheriting the recessive trait?
A plant with purple flowers (PP) is crossed with a plant with white flowers (pp). If purple flowers are dominant, what is the phenotype of the offspring?
A plant with purple flowers (PP) is crossed with a plant with white flowers (pp). If purple flowers are dominant, what is the phenotype of the offspring?
A homozygous dominant plant for flower color (AA) is crossed with a heterozygous plant (Aa). What is the probability of the offspring having the homozygous recessive genotype (aa)?
A homozygous dominant plant for flower color (AA) is crossed with a heterozygous plant (Aa). What is the probability of the offspring having the homozygous recessive genotype (aa)?
In a Punnett square, what does the combination of alleles on each square represent?
In a Punnett square, what does the combination of alleles on each square represent?
If two parents are heterozygous for a particular trait (Aa), what is the genotypic ratio of their offspring?
If two parents are heterozygous for a particular trait (Aa), what is the genotypic ratio of their offspring?
In a Punnett square, what is the purpose of the rows and columns?
In a Punnett square, what is the purpose of the rows and columns?
What percentage of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Hh x Hh) will likely display the hitchhiker’s thumb trait?
What percentage of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Hh x Hh) will likely display the hitchhiker’s thumb trait?
In a Punnett square involving a homozygous dominant male (FF) and a homozygous recessive female (ff), what are the probable genotypes of their offspring?
In a Punnett square involving a homozygous dominant male (FF) and a homozygous recessive female (ff), what are the probable genotypes of their offspring?
If one parent has the genotype Aa and the other has AA, what is the likelihood of producing offspring with the homozygous recessive genotype?
If one parent has the genotype Aa and the other has AA, what is the likelihood of producing offspring with the homozygous recessive genotype?
From the cross of two pea plants with genotypes Yy and Yy, what proportion of the offspring are expected to have yellow seeds?
From the cross of two pea plants with genotypes Yy and Yy, what proportion of the offspring are expected to have yellow seeds?
In a Punnett square, if the alleles for a trait are B (brown eyes) and b (blue eyes), which genotype could result in blue eyes for the offspring?
In a Punnett square, if the alleles for a trait are B (brown eyes) and b (blue eyes), which genotype could result in blue eyes for the offspring?
If a straight thumb (H) is dominant over a hitchhiker's thumb (h), what percentage of offspring will likely have straight thumbs when two heterozygous parents (Hh x Hh) breed?
If a straight thumb (H) is dominant over a hitchhiker's thumb (h), what percentage of offspring will likely have straight thumbs when two heterozygous parents (Hh x Hh) breed?
When crossing a homozygous dominant individual with a heterozygous individual, what is the expected genotype ratio of their offspring?
When crossing a homozygous dominant individual with a heterozygous individual, what is the expected genotype ratio of their offspring?
What is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring resulting from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous plants?
What is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring resulting from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous plants?
Flashcards
Phenotype
Phenotype
The physical appearance of a trait.
Genotype
Genotype
The total genetic makeup of an organism.
Allele
Allele
A version of a gene that gives instructions for a particular trait.
Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Homozygous
Homozygous
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Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
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Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
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Fertilization
Fertilization
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What is a homozygous genotype?
What is a homozygous genotype?
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What is a homozygous dominant genotype?
What is a homozygous dominant genotype?
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What is a dominant trait?
What is a dominant trait?
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What is a recessive trait?
What is a recessive trait?
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What is a Punnett square?
What is a Punnett square?
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What is a genotype?
What is a genotype?
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What is a phenotype?
What is a phenotype?
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What does DNA stand for?
What does DNA stand for?
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How many chromosomes are in a human sex cell?
How many chromosomes are in a human sex cell?
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What are chromosomes made of?
What are chromosomes made of?
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What is NOT found inside human cells?
What is NOT found inside human cells?
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What is the function of DNA in a cell?
What is the function of DNA in a cell?
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How to identify a Male karyotype?
How to identify a Male karyotype?
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How are identical twins formed?
How are identical twins formed?
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What is Natural Selection?
What is Natural Selection?
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What are biological adaptations?
What are biological adaptations?
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Study Notes
Traits and Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction: Involves two parents, a percentage of genetic material is passed onto offspring, and there is greater diversity of offspring.
- Asexual Reproduction: Involves one parent, less genetic material is passed on, and diversity of offspring is limited.
- Genotype: An organism's genetic makeup (e.g., for hair colour: RR, Rr, or rr).
- Phenotype: An organism's expressed physical traits (e.g., for hair colour, brown hair, black hair).
- Allele: A version of a gene.
- Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a trait.
- Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a trait.
- Hybrid: An organism that is heterozygous for a given trait.
- Dominant Trait: A trait that is always expressed when one or more alleles are present.
- Recessive Trait: A trait that only appears when two copies of the allele are present (when it is homozygous).
Key Terms and Concepts
- Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel.
- Gene Version: Allele.
- Trait Determined by Genes: Physical traits such as dimples.
- Heterozygous Genotype: Hh.
- Homozygous Genotype: HH/hh.
- Phenotype: physical characteristics.
- Genotype: Genes controlling the phenotype.
- Dominant: allele that overpowers a recessive gene.
- Recessive: allele that is shown only when both alleles are recessive.
- Allele: A specific form of a gene.
- DNA Function: Giving directions for cell growth and behavior.
DNA Information
- DNA Stands for: deoxyribonucleic acid
- DNA Bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T)
- Chromosome Number: 46 in a human body cell; half that (23) in sex cells.
- Chromosomes Carry: Genes.
- Genes Made Of: DNA molecules.
- Material NOT Contained in Cells: blood, undigested food.
Inheritance Concepts
- Fertilization: The process where a male and female reproductive cell combine.
- Gene: A unit of heredity that passes traits to their offspring.
- Traits: (inherited): Examples include blood type, hair colour, and leaf shape.
- Variations: Random changes to a gene structure.
- Mutation: Changes in genes.
Other Genetic Concepts
- Karyotype: A picture of all the chromosomes from a cell, used to determine gender.
- Identical vs. Fraternal Twins: Identical twins originate from a single egg and sperm, whereas fraternal twins originate from two separate eggs and sperm.
Natural Selection
- Survival of the Fittest: Proposed by Charles Darwin.
- Natural Selection: Organisms with favorable traits are better adapted and survive to reproduce.
- Adaptation: An advantageous trait passed down from generation to generation
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