Topographical Anatomy of the Lower Limb PDF

TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Václav Báča, David Kachlík Tereza Smržová, Martin Holek, Katarina Hubčíkova, Radek Jakša Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague supported by grant FRVS 1101/20...

TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF THE LOWER LIMB Václav Báča, David Kachlík Tereza Smržová, Martin Holek, Katarina Hubčíkova, Radek Jakša Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague supported by grant FRVS 1101/2008/F3 FORAMEN ISCHIADICUM MAJUS (greater sciatic foramen) BORDERS: CONTENT: VENTRO-LATERAL: incisura ischiadica major ossis coxae m. piriformis DORSO-MEDIAL: divides the foramen into lig. sacrotuberale two following parts CAUDAL: lig. sacrospinale FORAMEN SUPRAPIRIFORME BORDERS: CONTENT: VENTRO-LATERAL: incisura ischiadica major ossis coxae nervus gluteus sup. DORSO-MEDIAL: lig. sacrotuberale arteria glutea sup. CAUDAL: m. piriformis vena glutea sup.  FORAMEN INFRAPIRIFORME BORDERS: CONTENT: CRANIAL: nervus ischiadicus m. piriformis nervus pudendus VENTRO-LATERAL: incisura ischiadica major ossis nervus gluteus inf. coxae nervus cutaneus femoris post. DORSO-MEDIAL: lig. sacrotuberale arteria glutea inf. CAUDAL: vena glutea inf. lig. sacrospinale arteria pudenda int. vena pudenda int. FORAMEN ISCHIADICUM MINUS (lesser sciatic foramen) BORDERS: CONTENT: VENTRO-LATERAL: incisura ischiadica minor ossis coxae nervus pudendus DORSO-MEDIAL: lig. sacrotuberale arteria pudenda int. vena pudenda int. m. obturatorius internus  CANALIS OBTURATORIUS BORDERS: CONTENT: nervus obturatorius membrana obturatoria covering foramen obturatum is missing in the area of sulcus obturatorius vena obturatoria creating the canal arteria obturatoria  LACUNA VASORUM (vascular space) separated from pelvis with femoral septum BORDERS: CONTENT: VENTRAL: lig. inguinale /Pouparti, Vesalii, Fallopii/ nodus lymph. inguinalis prof. /Cloqueti s. Rosenmülleri/ LATERAL: arcus iliopectineus vena femoralis MEDIAL lig. lacunare /Gimbernati/ arteria femoralis DORSAL: ramus femoralis n. genitofemoralis lig. pectineale /Cooperi/ + os coxae  CANALIS FEMORALIS medial part of lacuna vasorum BORDERS: CONTENT: MEDIAL: nodus lymph. inguinalis prof. lig. lacunare /Gimbernati/ /Cloqueti s. Rosenmülleri/ LATERAL: v. femoralis femoral hernia would occur here aditus: anulus femoralis exitus: hiatus saphenus  LACUNA MUSCULORUM (muscular space) BORDERS: CONTENT: VENTRAL: nervus femoralis lig. inguinale /Pouparti, Vesalii, Fallopii/ DORSAL: musculus iliopsoas os coxae MEDIAL: nervus cutaneus femoris arcus iliopectineus lat.  CANALIS PUDENDALIS /Alcock´s canal/ BORDERS: CONTENT: in fossa ischioanalis, in fascia at the nervus pudendus mediocaudal border of m. obturator internus vena pudenda interna arteria pudenda interna  TRIGONUM FEMORALE (Femoral triangle) /fossa Scarpae major/ BORDERS: CONTENT: musculus adductor longus (med.) PROXIMAL: lig. inguinale musculus sartorius (lat.) nervus obturatorius MEDIAL: m. adductor longus arteria et vena obturatoria nodi lymphoidei inguinales profundi LATERAL: m. sartorius vena et arteria femoralis + their branches nervus femoralis + its branches nervus cutaneus femoris lat.  FOSSA ILIOPECTINEA /fossa Scarpae minor/ at the bottom of the femoral triangle BORDERS: CONTENT: LATERAL: vena femoralis m. iliopsoas MEDIAL: arteria femoralis m. pectineus BOTTOM-DORSALY: fascia iliopectinea  HIATUS SAPHENUS (Saphenous opening) BORDERS: CONTENT: vena epigastrica supf. (prox.) passage to fossa liopectinea through arteria pudenda externa supf. fascia cribrosa venae pudendae ext. (med.) (part of fascia lata femoris) vena circumflexa ilium supf. (lat.) margo falciformis (lat.) vena saphena magna (dist.)  CANALIS ADDUCTORIUS /Hunter´s canal/ BORDERS: CONTENT: MEDIAL: vena femoralis m. adductor longus LATERAL: arteria femoralis m. vastus medialis VENTRAL: nervus saphenus /pierces lamina vastoadductoria lamina vastoadductoria together with branch of DORSAL: a. genus descendens/ m. adductor magnus canal is covered by m. sartorius  HIATUS ADDUCTORIUS BORDERS: CONTENT: arteria femoralis distal end of adductor canal vena femoralis between two insertion changed in tendons of m.adductor magnus arteria poplitea vena poplitea  FOSSA POPLITEA (Popliteal fossa) BORDERS: CONTENT: MEDIAL AND PROXIMAL: nervus ischiadicus m. semimembranosus m.semitendinosus divides into nervus tibialis and nervus LATERAL AND PROXIMAL: fibularis m. biceps femoris communis DISTAL: vena poplitea + its tributaries caput mediale et laterale m. gastrocnemii BOTTOM-DORSAL: arteria poplitea + its branches m. popliteus nodi lymphoidei popliteales profundi  ARCUS TENDINEUS M. SOLEI (tendinous arch of soleus muscle) BORDERS: CONTENT: tendinous arch in the origin of m. soleus stretchted from fibula to the nervus tibialis posterior surface of tibia above the membrana interossea cruris arteria tibialis post. vena tibialis post.  CANALIS MUSCULOFIBULARIS /Hyrtl´s canal/ BORDERS: CONTENT: LATERAL: vena fibularis fibula MEDIALLY: arteria fibularis m. flexor hallucis longus  STRUCTURES BEHIND THE MEDIAL MALLEOLUS (Tarsal canal) BORDERS: CONTENT: MEDIAL: malleolus medialis (ventr.) retinaculum musculorum flexorum tuber calcanei (dors.) - tendo m. VENTRAL: tibialis post. malleolus medialis tendo m. flexoris digitorum longi DORSAL: arteria vena tibialis post. tuber calcanei vena tibialis post. n. tibialis tendo m. flexoris hallucis longi /the only tendon not leaning against the malleolus/ STRUCTURES IN FRONT OF THE MEDIAL MALLEOLUS CONTENTS: BORDERS: ventrally of retinaculum mm. Extensorum: VENTRAL: retinaculum mm. extensorum vena saphena magna DORSAL: nervus saphenus malleolus medialis dorsally of retinaculum mm. ext.: musculus tibialis ant.  STRUCTURES BEHIND THE LATERAL MALLEOLUS BORDERS: CONTENT: LATERAL: SUPERFICIAL: retinaculum musculorum fibularium vena saphena parva sup. et inf. nervus suralis VENTRAL: DEEP: (under retinacula) malleolus lateralis tendo m. fibularis longi et brevis DORSAL: /in common tendon sheath/ tuber calcanei  LISFRANK´S JOINT complex of art. tarsometatarsales and art. intermetatarsales CHOPART´S JOINT (art. tarsi transversa) art. calcaneocuboidea + talonavicular part of art. talocalcaneonavicularis