Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System PDF

🧠 Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System What is Neurulation (don’t need to describe the process) Neurulation Ectoderm germ layer gives rise to most of the major...

🧠 Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System What is Neurulation (don’t need to describe the process) Neurulation Ectoderm germ layer gives rise to most of the major components of the nervous system At approx. 19 days, underlying mesoderm and notochord orchestrates the ectoderm in its process to form the neural tube and somite's Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 1  What is Anencephaly serious birth defect in which a baby is born without parts of the brain and skull How does Spinal Bifida happen baby's brain and spinal cord does not develop properly in the womb, causing a gap in the spine. Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect. The neural tube —> baby's brain and spinal cord. What are approach reflexes Baby are born with Approach Reflexes: Breathing, rooting, sucking & swallowing Rooting = Tracking, Searching, Head redirection towards source of stimulation Sucking = Allows infants to locate and ingest food What are 3 avoidance reflexes Coughing, Sneezing, Blinking What is Palma Grasp primitive and involuntary reflex found in infants of humans and most primates. When an object, such as an adult finger, is placed in an infant's palm, the infant's fingers reflexively grasp the object. Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 2  What is the Babinski Toe Fanning What is the Moro Reflex What is a Gyrus (Gyri: Plural) and Sulcus (Sulci: Plural) A brain crest is known as a gyrus and a depression dip is a sulcus (plural: sulci) Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 3  What are the 4 lobes of the brain What divides the frontal and parietal lobe Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 4  central sulcus divides the frontal and Parietal Lobe What separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes lateral sulcus (sometimes called the Sylvian fissure) Functions of the Frontal Lobe short term memory, motor control, higher cognition, personality, foresight, and hindsight Functions of the Parietal Lobe Processing of tactile and proprioceptive information (self-movement, force, and body position.) Comprehension of language Orientation of individual in space and time Functions of the Temporal Lobe Auditory Emotional and visceral responses learning and memory recall Seeking and capturing prey Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 5  Courtship, mating, rearing of young Balance between aggressive and communal behaviour Formation of memory Homeostasis Function of the Occipital Lobe Visual function Basic Organisation of the Nervous System How many pairs of cranial nerves does the CNS have? 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the CNS Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 6  2 components of the Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic + Parasympathetic Structure of the Humble Neurone sensory - afferent Relay - interneuron Motor - efferent What is the Unipolar Neurone Structure (+Give an example) Sensory Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 7  What is the Bipolar Neurone Structure (+Give an example) What is the Pseudo unipolar Neurone Structure Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 8  What is the Multipolar Neurone Structure What are glial cells neural supporting cells (i.e. Schwann Cells, Microglial cells, Ependyma, Astrocyte, Oligodendrocyte) Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 9  What is the Myelin Sheath Comprised off schwaan cells (glial cells in the PNS) Astrocyte function (Glial) clearing excess neurotransmitters regulating the blood-brain barrier promoting synapse formation. Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 10  Microglial Cells Function (Glial) They act like macrophages, clearing cellular debris and dead neurons from nervous tissue through phagocytosis Ependyma Cells function controlling the production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain metabolism, and waste clearance. Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 11  Oligodendrocyte Cell Function Supporting myelinating cells of the CNS In the Somatic Motor System, which way does the sensory neurone enter the spinal cord, and what way does the motor neurones exit. Sensory Neurone comes in through the posterior root of the spinal cord Cell bodies live in ganglia Anterior Root has motor neurones coming out Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 12  Give an overview of the Spinal Reflex Arc Involuntary Response Stimulus detected by free nerve entry Interneuron involved (connects Sensory + Motor Neurone) Skips Brain → faster Response Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 13  Parasympathetic Division rest + digest Comes out of the Sacral Spinal Cord (give rise to the lower motor neurons (LMNs) Constricts pupil Increase secretion of tears and saliva Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 14  Decreases heart rate and force of contraction Bronchoconstriction Increased secretion of lungs and airway Digestive tract: Increases peristalsis and motility, Increases secretion, Increases hepatic glycogen synthesis Contracts bladder (detrusor muscle) for urination Sympathetic Division fight or light comes out of the thoracic + lumbar spinal cord Dilates the pupil Increases sweating Increases Heart rate and force “Goosebumps” Vasocontraction Bronchodilatation Topic 6 - Introduction To The Nervous System 15  Decreases GI motility Glycogen breakdown, more glucose Reduces urine production/micturition Releases adrenaline/noradrenaline What is the Neuro-Endocrine System Cell bodies in nucleus of hypothalamus releases hormones into the blood by acting on glands. 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