Learning: Topic 2 PDF

Learning  Tarrant (1980) defines learning as the process by which we acquire and retain attitudes, knowledge, understanding, skills and capabilities that cannot be be attributed to the inherited behavior patterns or physical growth.  It is further defined as a relatively permanent change in...

Learning  Tarrant (1980) defines learning as the process by which we acquire and retain attitudes, knowledge, understanding, skills and capabilities that cannot be be attributed to the inherited behavior patterns or physical growth.  It is further defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior potentially that occurs as a result of reinforced practice.  Wood folks (1990) consult with this definitions by describing it as a process that occurs when experience causes a relatively permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or behavior.All this definitions focus on the permanence of what is learnt and change of behavior in  Learning can be classified under the following: (i)Cognitive: This is learning by mental process such as reasoning, remembering and recalling.It leads to the development of intellectual skills. (ii)Psychomotor: This is learning by development of skills which requires efficient coordination between the brain and the muscles. (iii)Affective ; It refers to learning which takes place in an individual and leads to changes in interest ,attitudes ,values and appreciation. (iv)Social relating and perceptual: This is learning which come through the ability to observe social etiquette, discuss or interact with others in a social FACTORS THAT AFFECT LEARNING Learning is affected by the following factors; 1.Intelligence of the learner 2.The subject matter that is the nature of what is learned 3.The significance played by the learner on what is being learned 4.The method used for learning 5.The environment around which the learning is taking place  For efficient learning there must be; (i) Clear objectives as to what is to be learned stated in behavioral terms. (ii)Readiness for learning in terms of intellectual physical emotions or social maturation (iii)Use of communication methods appropriate to the age and ability of the learner (iv)Careful guidance throughout the learning experience. (v)Preliminary recall of all previously acquired knowledge relevant to the new materials to be learned (vi)Learner praying full attention on what is being learnt and the maintenance of concentration throughout the learning process (vii)Strong motivation to learn (viii)Active involvement by the learner in the learning process ; and Education The word Education is derived from Latin word educere, educare, and educatum which means “to learn”, “to know” and “to lead out”. That is education means to lead out internal hidden talent of a child or person 13-Oct-21 7 Different educational philosophers have different definitions of education Education in its widest sense includes all the influences, which at upon an individual during his passage from cradle to the grave. Dumvile  Education is the creation of sound mind in a sound body. It develops man’s faculty specially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the contemplation of supreme truth, goodness and beauty (Aristotle) 13-Oct-21 8 Education is the child’s development from within (Rousseau) Education is enfoldment of what is already enfolded in the germ. It is the process through which the child makes the internal-external (Froebel) Education is the harmonious and progressive development of all the innate powers and faculties of man- physical, intellectual and moral (Pestalozzi) Education is the process of the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, and habits (Online Wikipedia) 13-Oct-21 9 Bennaars (1998) it is a social process where adults care for their children until they are of age John Dewey sees education as those “specific influences” consciously designed in a school or in a college or in an institution to bring in the development and growth of the child. It is the process of facilitating or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes Functions of Education Making human civilized Satisfaction of needs Adaptation to environment Modification of environment Development of character Development of individuality Preparation for life Creation of good citizen Practical knowledge of various spheres of work Promotion of social efficiency