Topic 1 - Exploring Matter PDF

Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 Do NOW: ­Check & CORRECT your uniform ­Please pick up one copy of the Unit Notes (front table) Today's Agenda: 1. Rational Numbers ­ Quizzes bac...

Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 Do NOW: ­Check & CORRECT your uniform ­Please pick up one copy of the Unit Notes (front table) Today's Agenda: 1. Rational Numbers ­ Quizzes back 2. Chemistry ­ Topic 1 3. Chemistry Classification Stations 4. Homework Oct 19­3:20 PM Topic 1 ­ Exploring Matter Targets: B2: Distinguish between pure substances, solutions and mechanical mixtures B4: Identify and apply 3 different methods of classifying matter: B y state B y composition B y property B6: Identify the dangers of caustic materials and potentially explosive reactions Dec 5­7:40 PM 1 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 Lab Safety Rules 1. Do not taste anything in the lab. 2. Tie back long hair and roll up sleeves (no loose clothing). 3. Wear safety goggles if instructed. 4. Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. 5. Smell substances by fanning smell toward you ­ do not put nose close to substance. 6. Never pour liquids into containers held in your hand. 7. Report all spills and accidents to the teacher, and then clean them up immediately following teacher instructions. 8. Never look into test tubes or containers from the top ­ always look through the sides. 9. Do not use cracked or broken glassware. 10. Make sure you understand all safety symbols (WHMIS and HHPS) on any chemicals you use. Oct 19­8:56 PM WHMIS WHMIS stands for: Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System HHPS stands for; Hazardous Household Product Symbols WHMIS and HHPS gives students, workers and employers important safety information, and how to handle potentially dangerous chemicals. More detailed information on a substance can be found in the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). There are specific labels and symbols that warn us about the hazards of using certain products, and the precautions to take while using such products. Dec 5­7:40 PM 2 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 WHMIS SYMBOLS "The material is "Products which undergo poisonous but not dangerous reactions, when immediately dangerous "Heat may cause the subjected to heat, pressure, to health. container to explode" shock or contact with water." It may cause death or permanent damage as a result of repeated exposure over time. " "It may burn at relatively low temperature. "This includes Sparks, flame or organisms (like friction could ignite it." bacteria and viruses) and the toxins they may produce that are believed to cause disease. E.g. anthrax." "The material is a fire or explosion risk near flammable or combustible material. May burn skin or eyes on contact." "These materials are immediately dangerous to "Caustic or acid materials that life and health. They can can eat through the skin or kill you fast!" corrode metals like aluminum or steel." Dec 5­7:40 PM WHMIS SYMBOLS Dec 5­7:40 PM 3 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 Drag the correct WHMIS symbol to the box above its description. Biohazardo Explosion Compressed Flammable Harmful or Health Oxidizing us/ Corrosive hazard Gas Material Fatal Hazard Infectious Check Answers Oct 19­9:53 PM WHMIS Answers Biohazardo Explosion Compressed Flammable Harmful or Health Oxidizing us/ Corrosive hazard Gas Material Fatal Hazard Infectious Check Answers Oct 19­9:53 PM 4 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 The Particle Model of Matter All matter is made up of tiny particles. All the particles in a substance are the same; different substances are made of different particles. There are attractive forces among particles­these attractions may be strong or weak. The particles are always moving; the more energy the particles gain, the faster they move. There are spaces among the particles. Solids have a ꞏ Liquids take the ꞏ Gases always fill whatever definite shape of its container container they are in no shape and ꞏ They move more matter the shape and volume freely compared to volume The particles particles in solids ꞏ The particles are always vibrate back ꞏ A liquid's particles moving in random and forth. occupies a definite directions, and there is a lot volume of space between them Dec 5­7:40 PM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbXNQfHnI3w sublimation (0:42) Oct 19­7:46 PM 5 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 Pure Substance A pure substance can be an element from the periodic table. Elements are the simplest pure substances, which can NOT be broken down any further by physical or chemical means. Example, pure gold, sodium, etc. Pure substances have freezing, melting and boiling points that do not change. Dec 5­7:40 PM Pure Substance Compounds are another example of a pure substance. They are a chemical combination of two or more elements. They can be broken down into elements by heat or electricity (chemical reaction). For example: H2O = two hydrogen molecules + one oxygen molecule Dec 5­7:40 PM 6 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 How do we classify things? Dec 5­7:40 PM Vehicle (has wheels and drives on a road) Taxi Passenger Vehicle Car Sport Utility Light Truck Ricksha Industrial Vehicle Motor Bike Bus Transport Truck Bicycle Garbage Truck Dec 10­9:34 PM 7 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 Homogenous vs. Heterogenous Matter that are not compounds or elements can be classified as either a homogenous mixture (solution) or heterogenous mixture (mechanical mixture). These mixtures contain two or more pure substances. Mixtures have boiling, freezing and melting points that are not set. For example, salt water has a lower freezing point than pure water. Dec 5­7:40 PM Homogenous Mixture (Solution) Homo= "same" A homogenous mixture (solution) is a physical combination of two or more chemicals mixed evenly. The solution looks the same throughout, and is often clear. They cannot be filtered to separate the particles. If you shine a light through, it will not scatter the light. Examples: Water and sugar (when the sugar is fully dissolved), PEPSI, brewed coffee, air etc. Dec 5­7:40 PM 8 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 Heterogenous Mixtures Hetero ­ "different" A heterogeneous mixture (mechanical mixture) is a physical combination of two or more chemicals that are NOT evenly mixed and that looks different all throughout. You can see the different substances that are combined together Example: Chocolate chip cookie, salsa, salad dressing, pizza etc. The substances may be physically removed. Example: Using a magnet to separate metal from non­metal objects. Dec 5­7:40 PM Heterogenous Mixtures A suspension is a type of heterogenous mixture. Suspensions have large particles in the liquid that can be separated, and they do separate over time. (Flour in water, sand in water, oil dressing with herbs, muddy water) Colloids are another type of heterogenous mixtures, that consist of microscopic particles dispersed in a medium but not dissolved in it. They do not separate over time. (Whip cream, jelly, butter, pumice stone (air dispersed in rock), milk) Emulsions are a particular type of colloid in which a liquid is dispersed in a liquid (Mayo, jelly, creamy salad dressings). Put another way, it is a colloid of two liquids that usually do not mix (oil and water) Dec 5­7:40 PM 9 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 Station Activity ­15 stations with substances around the room ­you identify what it is and more importantly what classification of matter it is (it's more important to me that you know it's a solution than that it is 5­Alive for example) ­open/waft ONLY those that say to ­be careful when handling glassware (otherwise I'll make you wear goggles) ­move as if playing golf or viewing an art exhibit (not too fast, not too slow) Jan 11­12:24 PM Lab What type of mixture are they? What do they look like? Smell like? ꞏ Sugar and water ꞏ Oil and water ꞏ Marbles and buttons ꞏ Coffee and sugar ꞏ Oil, water and sugar ꞏ Flour and water ꞏ Crystal Lite ꞏ Salad dressing ꞏ Mayonnaise ꞏ Candy ꞏ Five Alive ꞏ Vinegar and oil ꞏ Laundry detergent ꞏ Perfume ꞏ Hair gel Dec 5­7:40 PM 10 Topic 1­Exploring Matter.notebook October 28, 2021 1. Sugar and water (solution) 2. Oil and water (mixture, emulsion) 3. Marbles and buttons (mixture) 4. Coffee and sugar (mixture) 5. Oil, water and sugar (mixture, emulsion ­ type of colloid) 6. Flour and water (suspension) 7. Crystal Lite (solution) 8. Salad dressing (suspension) Q: What would ranch dressing be? 9. Mayonnaise (emulsion ­ type of colloid) 10. Candy (mixture) 11. Five Alive (solution) 12. Vinegar and oil (emulsion) 13. Laundry detergent (mixture, various soaps and chemicals) 14. Perfume (solution of chemicals and dyes) 15. Hair gel (colloid) Dec 5­7:40 PM HOMEWORK 1. Read Topic 1 (Pgs. 92­98) 2. FORMATIVE! (For tomorrow) 3. Complete the "WHMIS and Safety Worksheet" posted on Edsby (For Wednesday) 4. Suggested: textbook questions, p. 98 # 1­5 Dec 5­7:40 PM 11