Chemistry Topic 1 - Exploring Matter

Topic 1 - Exploring Matter

• Do Now: Check and correct uniform; pick up a copy of the unit notes.
• Today's Agenda: Rational Numbers quizzes back; Chemistry - Topic 1; Chemistry Classification Stations; Homework.
• Topic 1 Targets:
  • Distinguish between pure substances, solutions, and mixtures.
  • Identify and apply three methods of classifying matter: by state, composition, and property.
  • Identify dangers of caustic materials and potentially explosive reactions.

Lab Safety Rules

• Do not taste anything in the lab.
• Tie back long hair and roll up sleeves.
• Use safety goggles if instructed.
• Carefully follow all written and verbal instructions.
• Smell substances by fanning the odor towards you (wafting).
• Never pour liquids into containers held in your hand.
• Report spills and accidents to the teacher and clean them up immediately following instructions.
• Never look into test tubes and other containers from the top; always look through the sides.
• Do not use cracked or broken glassware.
• Understand all safety symbols (WHMIS and HHPS) on chemicals.

WHMIS

• WHMIS stands for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
• HHPS stands for Hazardous Household Product Symbols
• Provides important safety information on potentially dangerous chemicals (how to handle them).
• Detailed information on substances can be found in Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
• Specific labels and symbols warn about hazards and precautions.

WHMIS Symbols

• (Images of symbols are not included here). See provided document for details

The Particle Model of Matter

• All matter is made up of tiny particles.
• The particles in a substance are the same, but different substances are made of different particles.
• There are attractive forces between particles (strong or weak).
• The particles are always moving. More energy = faster movement.
• There are spaces between particles

States of Matter

• (Diagram of states of matter including solid, liquid, and gas are not included here).

Pure Substance

• A pure substance can be an element from the periodic table.
• Elements are the simplest substances, that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means.
• Examples: Pure gold, sodium.
• Pure substances have fixed freezing, melting, and boiling points.

Compounds

• Compounds are pure substances that are chemical combinations of two or more elements.
• They can be broken down into their component elements by chemical reactions (heat or electricity).
• Example: H2O = two hydrogen atoms + one oxygen atom

Classifying Matter

• Use color, size, design, and feel.
• Vehicles: wheels and drive (trucks, buses, bikes)
• Other aspects: horsepower, style, year, brand, model, number of wheels, color, size/weight, engine size.

Homogenous vs Heterogeneous Mixtures

• Matter that is not a compound or element may be a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture.
• Mixtures contain two or more pure substances with variable boiling, freezing, and melting points.
• Example of homogenous mixtures (solutions): Salt water (lower freezing point than pure water), fully dissolved sugar in water, fully dissolved drinks.
• Example of heterogeneous mixtures include: suspensions (large particles that settle out - oil & water), colloids (particles that stay suspended - whipped cream), and emulsions (liquids mixed not dissolving - mayonnaise).

Station Activity

• 15 stations with substances.
• Identify each substance and its classification (solution, mixture).
• Be careful handling glassware, wear goggles if necessary.
• Move carefully from station to station (like playing golf or viewing art).

Homework

• Read Topic 1 (Pages 92-98).
• Complete the formative worksheet.
• Complete the WHMIS and Safety Worksheet.
• Do textbook questions (page 98 #1-5).