TOA - Long Test (Reviewer) PDF

# TOA - Long Test (Reviewer) ## The Primary Elements 1. The Primary Elements (Point, Line, Plane, and Volume) are first considered as a **CONCEPTUAL ELEMENT** then as a visual element in the vocabulary of Architecture. 2. While the Primary Elements as Conceptual Elements do not actually exist, we...

# TOA - Long Test (Reviewer) ## The Primary Elements 1. The Primary Elements (Point, Line, Plane, and Volume) are first considered as a **CONCEPTUAL ELEMENT** then as a visual element in the vocabulary of Architecture. 2. While the Primary Elements as Conceptual Elements do not actually exist, we nevertheless feel their **PRESENCE**. 3. One of the Characteristics of Form pertaining to its visual character, mostly related to the Form's Identity. **SHAPE** 4. Indicates a Position in space. **POINT** 5. At the center of its environment, a point is **STABLE AND AT REST**. 6. When the point is moved off-center, its field becomes more aggressive and begins to compete for what? **VISUAL SUPREMACY**. 7. Two Points established in space by columnar elements can define what? **AXIS**. 8. Conceptually, a line has **DIRECTION, MOVEMENT, GROWTH**, but no width or depth. **LENGTH**. 9. A line is capable of visually expressing ____ to become visible. **THICKNESS**. 10. Although a line theoretically has only one dimension, it must have some degree of ____ to become visible. **THICKNESS**. 11. Vertical Linear Elements are used throughout history to ____ and establish particular points in space. **COMMEMORATE SIGNIFICANT EVENTS, STRUCTURAL**. 12. Linear elements that possess the necessary material strength can perform ____ **FUNCTIONS**. 13. A series of parallel lines, through repetition, can reinforce our ____ of the plane that they describe. **PERCEPTION**. 14. A row of columns supporting an entablature. **COLONNADE**. 15. Primary identifying characteristic of a plane, determined by the contour of the line. **SHAPE**. 16. The surface color, pattern, and texture of a plane affects what? **VISUAL WEIGHT, STABILITY**. 17. The plane serves to define the ____ of a volume. **BOUDARIES**. 18. Roof Plane or Ceiling Plane. **OVERHEAD PLANE**. 19. Serves as the physical foundation and visual base of building forms. **GROUND PLANE**. 20. Its shape, color, and pattern determine to what degree it defines spatial boundaries or serves as a unifying element for the different parts of a space. **FLOOR PLANE**. 21. As a design element, the plane of an exterior wall can be articulated as what? **PRIMARY FAÇADE**. 22. Doorways and Windows reestablish ____ with neighboring spaces. **CONTINUITY**. 23. Views seen through openings become part of the ____ **SPATIAL EXPERIENCE**. 24. A plane extended other than its ____ direction becomes a volume. **INTRINSIC**. 25. The primary identifying characteristic of a volume. **FORM**. 26. Space defined by wall, floor, and ceiling or roof planes. **PLAN AND SECTION**. 27. Space displaced by the mass of a building. **ELEVATION**. 28. ____ Building forms that stand as object in the landscape can be read as ____ volumes in space. **DEFINING**. 29. ____ Building forms that serve as ____ can be read as masses that define volumes of space. **CONTAINERS**. 30. Term used in Arts and Design to denote the formal structure of work. **FORM**. 31. Form often includes a three-dimensional sense of what? **VOLUME**. 32. Refers more specifically to the essential aspect of form that governs its appearance. **SHAPE**. 33. Shape, Size, Color, and Texture are what kind of properties? **VISUAL**. 34. Refers more specifically to the essential aspect of form that governs its appearance. **RELATIONAL**. 35. Our ____ determines its apparent size. **DISTANCE FROM A FORM**. 36. The primary means by which we recognize, identify, and categorize particular figures and forms. **SHAPE**. 37. ____ affirms that the mind will simplify the visual environment in order to understand it. **GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY**. 38. A centralized, introverted figure that is normally stable and self-centering. **CIRCLE**. 39. Signifies stability. **TRIANGLE**. 40. Represents the pure and rational. **SQUARE**. 41. Generated by the motion of a straight line. **RULED SURFACE**. 42. Generated by sliding a plane curve along a straight line. **TRANSLATIONAL SURFACE**. 43. Generated by rotating a plane curve about an axis. **ROTATIONAL SURFACE**. 44. Type of system that can best take advantage of this doubly curved geometry. **SHELL STRUCTURE**. 45. The fluid quality of curved surfaces ____ with the angular nature of rectilinear surfaces. **CONTRAST**. 46. Refers to a three-dimensional geometric body or figure. **SOLID**. 47. Refers to those whose parts are related to one another in a consistent and orderly manner. **REGULAR FORMS**. 48. Those whose parts are dissimilar in nature and related to one another in an inconsistent manner. **IRREGULAR FORMS**. 49. Dimensional, Additive, or Subtractive. **TRANSFORMATION**. 50. Transformation by altering one or more of its dimensions while still retaining its identity in a family of forms. **DIMENSIONAL**. 51. These forms retain their formal identities if portions of their volume are removed without deteriorating their edges, corners, and overall profile. **SUBTRACTIVE**. 52. Form produced by relating or physically attaching one or more subordinate forms to its volume. **ADDITIVE**. 53. Relies on the close proximity of the forms or their sharing of a common visual trait. **SPATIAL TENSION**. 54. Requires that two forms have corresponding planar surfaces which are parallel to each other. **FACE TO FACE CONTACT**. 55. Requires the forms to interpenetrate each other's space. **INTERLOCKING VOLUMES**. 56. Requires the forms to share a common edge. **EDGE TO EDGE CONTACT**. 57. Categorizes additive forms according to the nature of the relationships that exist among component forms as well as their overall configurations. **SPATIAL ORGANIZATION**. 58. These forms share the self-centering properties of the point and circle. **CENTRALIZED FORM**. 59. Groups its forms according to functional requirements of size, shape, or proximity. **CLUSTERED FORM**. 60. Refers to the manner in which surfaces of a form come together to define its shape and volume. **ARTICULATION**. 61. For a corner to be ____ there must be more than a slight deviation in the angle between the adjoining planes. **FORMALLY ACTIVE**. 62. They express continuity of surface, compactness of volume, and softness of form. **ROUNDED CORNERS**. 63. Our perception of the shape, size, scale, proportion, and visual weight of a plane is influenced by what? **SURFACE PROPERTIES, VISUAL CONTEXT**. 64. Has the ability to emphasize the height or length of a form, unify its surfaces, and define its textural quality. **LINEAR PATTERN**. 65. It constantly encompasses our being. **SPACE**. 66. Perceived as Figures in a Visual Field. **POSITIVE ELEMENTS**. 67. Perceived as the Background in a Visual Field. **NEGATIVE ELEMENTS**. 68. Occurs at the juncture between mass and space. **ARCHITECTURAL FORM**. 69. Our perception and understanding of a composition depend on how we interpret the ____ between the positive and negative elements. **VISUAL INTERACTION**. 70. Building scheme where it surrounds and encloses a courtyard or atrium space within its volume. **INTROVERTED**. 71. Building scheme where it stands as a distinct object in space. **EXTROVERTED**. 72. They can either stand as forms within a field of space or serve to define the form of a spatial field. **FURNISHINGS**. 73. Offices, Classrooms, Meeting Spaces, and Bedrooms are examples of what kind of spatial form? **FORMS WITH SPECIFIC BUT SIMILAR FUNCTION**. 74. Lobbies, Courtyards, and Parks are examples of what kind of spatial form? **FORMS THAT ARE FLEXIBLE IN NATURE**. 75. Theaters, Auditoriums, Arenas, and Basketball Courts are examples of what kind of spatial form? **FORMS WITH SPECIFIC TECHNICAL AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT**. 76. Defines a simple field of space. **BASE PLANE**. 77. Defines a volume of space between itself and the ground plane. **OVERHEAD PLANE**. 78. Utilizes the vertical surfaces of the lowered area to define a volume of space. **DEPRESSED BASE PLANE**. 79. Establishes vertical surfaces along its edges that reinforce the visual separation between its field and the surrounding ground. **ELEVATED BASE PLANE**. 80. The ____ of the ground or floor plane is often used in architecture to define a zone of space within a larger context. **SURFACE ARTICULATION**. 81. If the ____ of the base plane continues up and across the elevated plane, then the field of the elevated plane will appear to be very much a part of the surrounding edge. **SURFACE CHARACTERISTIC**. 82. Can define a transitional space between the interior of a building and the outdoor environment. **ELEVATED BASE PLANE**. 83. Used to isolate a field of space from a larger context. **DEPRESSED BASE PLANE**. 84. Might express the extroverted nature or significance of the space. **ELEVEATED BASE PLANE**. 85. Used to define a more intimate space. **DEPRESSED BASE PLANE**. 86. Its shape, size, and height above the ground plane determines the formal qualities of the space. **OVERHEAD PLANE**. 87. Shelters the interior space from the elements. **ROOF PLANE**. 88. Well-defined negative areas or voids within an overhead plane. **SKYLIGHTS**. 89. Can be detached and become a visually active element in a space. **CEILING PLANE**. 90. They have a greater presence in our visual field. **VERTICAL ELEMENTS**. 91. Articulates space on which it fronts. **SINGLE VERTICAL PLANE**. 92. Defines a volume of space that is oriented primarily toward the open end of the configuration. **U-SHAPED PLANE**. 93. Establishes a transparent spatial membrane by visual tension. **VERTICAL LINEAR ELEMENTS**. 94. Refers to networks of intersecting members connected at specially jointed nodes to create a diagonal grid across a building surface. **DIAGRID STRUCTURES**. 95. Enables the possibility for visual or spatial continuity with adjacent spaces. **OPENINGS**. 96. Offers more expansive views and permit a greater amount of daylight to penetrate a space. **WINDOW-WALL**. 97. Quality of Space affected by the property of Configuration. **DEFINITION**. 98. Determined by the configuration of its defining elements and the pattern of its openings. **DEGREE OF ENCLOSURE**. 99. The rich source of natural light for the illumination of forms and spaces in architecture. **SUN**. 100. From what school did I graduate from? **University of Santo Tomas**. 101. Tallest Pyramid in Egypt. **Pyramid of Khufu**. 102. The First Architect of La Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain during construction. **Francisco de Paula del Villar**.