AR 112 Design 1 Module 2024 PDF

Republic of the Philippines NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED...

Republic of the Philippines NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED AR 112 DESIGN 1 Module | 2024 INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN AR. ALLYN JOY V. BANAAG COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE Transforming Communities through Science and Technology Email: [email protected] www.neust.edu.ph  AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? ARCHITECTURE is defined as the art and science of designing and constructing of buildings. ▪ ART - The conscience use of skill, craft, and creative imagination in the production of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary significance. ▪ SCIENCE - refers to the application of scientific principles, knowledge, and research methodologies to inform and enhance the design, construction, and functionality of buildings and built environments. THREE (3) FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE Roman Architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio identified three elements necessary for a well- designed building in his book De Architectura (On Architecture): firmitas, utilitas, and venustas. ▪ FIRMITAS: Firmness or physical strength secured the building's structural integrity (strength, firmness, durability, solidity) ▪ UTILITAS: Utility provided an efficient arrangement of spaces and mechanical systems to meet the functional needs of its occupants (functionality, usefulness, utility) ▪ VENUSTAS: the aesthetic quality associated with the goddess Venus, imparted style, proportion, and visual beauty (beauty) THE SCALE OF DESIGN A. DESIGNING OBJECTS - Furniture - Fixtures - Decorative Elements - User - Ergonomics - Material B. DESIGNING SPACES - Functionality and Purpose - Spatial Hierarchy and Zoning - Proportion and Scale - Circulation and Accessibility - User 2|P age  AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN TYPES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS SINGLE-ATTACHED: One side of the house is built in the boundary of the lot. A shared wall is built between two properties which is known as the Party Wall. Attached to Attached to Fire Wall Party Wall SINGLE-DETACHED: A residential building unattached to the neighboring house and has space on all sides of the structure. ROWHOUSE: a series of houses connected by common sidewalls and forming a continuous group; groupings of identical or nearly identical low-rise homes, lined up shoulder-to- shoulder and sharing a roofline and one or both side walls. TOWNHOUSE: single-family house of two or sometimes three stories that is usually connected to a similar house by a common sidewall 3|P age  AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN CONDOMINIUMS: Residential properties within a multi-storey building – low-rise, mid-rise, and high-rise. Typically, each unit shares one or two of the walls with the other units and the residents usually share the cost of the repairs (Homeowners Association Fee) monthly. APARTMENTS: The building is owned by one person who rents it to tenants. It also has multiple units which share walls like a condominium building. BUILDING ENVELOPE A. WALLS ▪ EXTERIOR WALL: also known as outer wall or façade, is a component of a building's envelope that separates the interior spaces from the external environment. Thickness = 0.15m ▪ INTERIOR WALL: a partition or barrier inside a house or structure that is not exposed to outdoor elements and separates different spaces within a building’s interior. Thickness = 0.10m ▪ PARTY WALL: a shared wall that separates two adjoining properties or buildings that serve as a structural and legal division between the properties while accommodating both owners' rights and responsibilities. Thickness = 0.20m ▪ FIREWALL: a type of wall specifically designed and constructed to prevent the spread of fire, heat, and smoke between separate buildings, compartments, or sections within a building. Thickness = 0.20m B. FENESTRATION (DOORS AND WINDOWS) ▪ DOOR: A hinged or otherwise movable barrier that allows ingress (entry) into and egress (exit) from an enclosure. There are some key considerations in selecting or designing the right door: 1. The type of activity that occurs within the space/room 2. The materials to be used according to its purpose 3. The standard width required by the laws regarding occupant load The following are some types of doors: a. FLUSH DOORS - They are normally made of wood, are smooth on both sides and are hollow on the inside with a wood frame around the outside. Standard sizes are 1-3/8" thick, 6'8" high, and range in width from 2' to 3'. 4|P age AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN b. PANEL DOORS - have a substantial outer frame and typically feature cross elements that form small panels. Stiles refer to the vertical members. The horizontal components are referred to as rails. c. SWINGING DOORS - A door that turns on hinges or pivot about a vertical edge when pushed or pulled. - SINGLE-ACTING DOOR – a door hung on hinges that permit it to swing in one direction only. - DOUBLE-ACTING DOOR – a door hung on hinges that permit it to swing in either direction from a closed position. d. FOLDING DOOR - A door with hinged sections that can be folded flat against one another when opened. - BI-FOLD DOOR – a folding door divided into two leaves, the inner edges of which are suspended from an overhead track and the outside edges of which pivot at the jamb. e. ACCORDION DOOR - A door with many leaves that is suspended from an overhead track and opens in the manner of an accordion. Frequently used to close large openings where bi-fold or sliding doors would not be acceptable. Made of a variety of materials: wood, plastic, fabric. f. SLIDING DOOR - A door that operates or moves by sliding on a track, usually parallel to a wall. Sliding or bi-pass doors are popular where there is a large opening. Frequently used as closet doors. The width of the door is irrelevant because it is hung from a track. To avoid swinging, glides are fitted on the floor. May be flush with the wall, paneled, or louvered. g. POCKET DOOR - A sliding door that fits into and out of a recess in the wall of a doorway. Typically a flush door, this type of door is a variant of the sliding door. It is suspended from a track mount and sits in a pocket on the wall. 5|P age AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN h. DUTCH DOOR - A door divided horizontally so that each section can be opened or closed independently. Consists of two sections: an upper and a lower. The original function of this door design was to keep animals out of farmhouses or children in while allowing light and air to filter through the top; it was effectively a door combined with a pretty wide window. i. REVOLVING DOOR - An entrance door for preventing drafts from the interior of a building, consisting of four leaves placed in the form of a cross and rotating about a central, vertical pivot within a cylindrically shaped vestibule. Some revolving doors automatically fold back in the direction of egress when pressure is applied, giving a legal path on both sides of the door pivot. j. FRENCH DOOR - A door with rectangular glass panes running the length of it and frequently hung in pairs. Additionally referred to as a casement door. k. ROLLER DOOR - Roller Shutter Door also known as Sectional Overhead Doors. A large door consisting of horizontal, interlocking metal slats guided by a track on either slide opening by rolling about an overhead drum at the head of the door opening. ▪ WINDOW: An opening in a building's wall for admitting light and air and providing a view of the outside. It usually has a frame in which moveable sashes carrying glass panes are inserted. The following are some types of windows: a. SLIDING WINDOWS - A single window with a sliding operable pane, the pane can slide over the top of the other to be opened. b. SWINGING WINDOWS - A window that is hinged to its frame. They are used single or in pairs within a similar frame, where they are externally hinged. The most common types are casement, awning, hopper, and jalousie windows. 6|P age AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN - TYPES OF SWINGING WINDOWS: o CASEMENT WINDOW – hinged at the side which swings outward AWNING o AWNING WINDOW – hinged at the top and swings out CASEMENT at an angle like an awning o HOPPER WINDOW – usually an in-swinging window, hinged at the bottom, and popular for basements HOPPER o JALOUSIE – has a series of narrow horizontal glass slats JALOUSIE c. FIXED WINDOWS – also known as a picture window, is a non-operable window that does not open or close. It is designed to provide unobstructed views, allow natural light into a space, and enhance the aesthetics of a building. - PICTURE WINDOW - a kind of fixed window, is a kind of large window that is used to provide a good view of the garden or greeneries outside d. SKYLIGHT - a type of window or opening in the roof of a building that allows natural light to enter from above. Skylights are installed at the roofline and are often made of glass or other transparent materials. e. CLERESTORY WINDOW - a fixed or operable window placed in the upper portion of a wall f. TRANSOM WINDOW - An ancient type of window, commonly known as a fan-shaped. It is a decorative window that is placed above a door, or window. g. ARCHED WINDOW WITH HALF RADIUS - Common features in Roman Architecture. An arched window can be operable or fixed, it is distinguished by its arched upper portion. 7|P age AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN h. BAY WINDOW - It features an outward frame that is commonly hexagonal and can provide additional space in the room. i. BOW WINDOW - This type of architectural window feature projects outward from the main wall of a building. It is designed to create a curved or rounded appearance, typically forming a gentle arc or bow shape. C. ROOF A roof is the top covering of a building, including all materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the building or uprights, protecting against rain, snow, sunlight, extremes of temperature, and wind. The following are some types of windows: a. PITCHED ROOF - also known as a gabled roof or sloped roof, is a type of roof design characterized by its steep slopes that meet at a central ridge. b. GABLE ROOF - a specific type of pitched roof characterized by its triangular shape formed by two sloping sides that meet at a central ridge. - Common Types of Gable Roofs: 8|P age  AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN c. HIP ROOF - a type of roof design characterized by its slopes that descend from all sides of the building, forming a gentle pyramid or trapezoidal shape. - Common Types of Hip Roof d. FLAT ROOF - a type of roof design characterized by its level or nearly level surface e. SHED ROOF - also known as a mono-pitched roof, is a simple and functional roof design that slopes in one direction, resembling the shape of a single-sloped shed. ILLUSTRATIONS ▪ DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOORS 9|P age AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN ▪ DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINDOWS 10 | P a g e  AR 112 DESIGN 1 MODULE AR. ALLYN ▪ DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROOFS REFERENCES: https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/collex/exhibits/firmness-commodity-and-delight/ https://www.corel.com/content/pdf/cdgsx5/SARL_Techni_CaseStudy_EN-viewable.pdf https://ulife.vpul.upenn.edu/careerservices/blog/2011/03/01/vitruvius-%E2%80%93-firmitas-utilitas- venustas/ https://retipster.com/doors/ https://retipster.com/windows/ https://retipster.com/roofs/ Disclaimer | The author does not claim any ownership of the copyright to the materials used in this presentation. 11 | P a g e